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. 2024 Jan 23;17:175–190. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S391705

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© 2024 Nguyen et al.

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Rosacea triggers. The color blue represents components contributing to the pathophysiology of rosacea-related cutaneous changes. The color red represents treatments and their respective inhibitory effects.

Abbreviations: CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand; KLK5, kallikrein-5; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; Nd:YAG, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; TLRs, toll-like receptors; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; PDL, pulsed dye laser; TRPV1, transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid receptor 1; UV, ultraviolet.