Table 1.
Age | Clinical features | Laboratory findings |
---|---|---|
Neonatal life | (i) Birth weight: 10th centile (ii) Height: 50th centile (iii) Genital abnormalities: (bilateral cryptorchidism, small hypoplastic scrotum, and extreme microphallus) (iv) Bilateral testicular dysgenesis |
(i) Low testosterone levels (ii) Male karyotype (46,XY) |
| ||
6 months | (i) Failure to thrive (weight < 3rd centile, height: 25th centile) | (i) Increased liver enzymes (ii) Fatty infiltration of the liver (abdominal ultrasound) |
| ||
12 months | (i) Failure to thrive (weight < 3rd centile, height < 3rd centile) | (i) Remarkably elevated liver enzymes (ii) Steatohepatitis in liver biopsy (iii) Microcytic anemia (without iron deficiency) (iv) Normal organic acid urinary analysis (including 3-methylglutaconic acid) |
| ||
18 months | (i) Failure to thrive (weight < 3rd centile, height < 3rd centile) | (i) Brain MRI (small areas of increased signal symmetrically bilaterally in the posterior part of the pons) |
| ||
2 years | (i) Failure to thrive (weight < 3rd centile, height < 3rd centile) | (i) Increased 25(OH)Vit D levels, low 1.25 (OH)2Vit D levels |
| ||
3-4 years | (i) Failure to thrive (weight < 3rd centile, height < 3rd centile) (ii) Mild delay in speech development |
(i) Hypercalciuria |
| ||
5 years | (i) Delay in conquering psychomotor milestones (ii) Mild ataxia |
(i) Dilated cardiomyopathy with preserved ejection fraction (ii) Prolonged QT interval (iii) DEXA: osteopenia |
| ||
7.5 years (after starting a special diet) | (i) Weight: 3nd−15th centile, height: 3rd centile | (i) Normal levels of 25(OH)Vit D and 1.25 (OH)2Vit D (ii) Normal hemoglobin levels |