Table 2.

Summary of significant clinical trials investigating checkpoint inhibitors in multiple myeloma.

Agents	Study details	Patients	Regimens	Outcomes	Adverse events	Refs.
PD-1 inhibitors	KEYNOTE-013 NCT01953692 Phase I b	R/RMM median 4 prior lines n = 30	pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg q2w or 200 mg q3w	ORR: 0%; median PFS 2.7 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: anemia (13.3%), hypercalcemia (6.7%)	[41]
	KEYNOTE-023 NCT02036502 Phase I	R/RMM at least 2 prior lines n = 62	Pembrolizumab+ Rd	ORR: 44%; median PFS 7.2 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: neutropenia (27.4%), thrombocytopenia (16.1%)	[42]
	KEYNOTE-183 NCT02576977 Phase III	R/RMM at least 2 prior lines n = 249	Pembrolizumab+ Pd vs. Pd	ORR: 34% vs. 40%; Median PFS: 5.6 vs. 8.4 months	Serious AEs: 63% vs. 46%	[43]
	EYNOTE-185 NCT02579863 Phase III	NDMM transplant ineligible n = 301	Pembrolizumab+ Rd vs. Rd	ORR: 64% vs. 62%; 6-month PFS: 82% vs. 85%	Serious AEs: 54% vs. 39%	[44]
PD-L1 inhibitor	NCT03000452 Phase II	R/RMM daratumumab- refractory n = 18	Durvalumab+ daratumumab	ORR: 0%	Serious AEs: 38.9%	[45]

R/RMM relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, ORR overall response rate, PFS progression-free survival, AEs adverse events, Rd lenalidomide+ dexamethasone, Pd pomalidomide+ dexamethasone.