Table 3.

Summary of significant clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in multiple myeloma.

Agents	Study details	Patients	Regimens	Outcomes	Adverse events	Refs.
CD38 monoclonal antibodies	POLLUX NCT02076009 Phase III	R/RMM at least 1 prior line n = 569	Daratumumab+ Rd vs. Rd	ORR: 92.9% vs. 76.4%; median PFS: 44.5 vs. 17.5 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: neutropenia (55.5% vs. 41.6%), anemia (17.7% vs. 21.4%)	[54]
	CASTOR NCT02136134 Phase III	R/RMM at least 1 prior line n = 498	Daratumumab+ Vd vs. Vd	ORR: 83.8% vs. 63.2%; median PFS: 16.7 vs. 7.1 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: thrombocytopenia (45.7% vs. 32.9%), anemia (15.2% vs. 16.0%)	[58]
	CANDOR NCT03158688 Phase III	R/RMM at least 1 prior line n = 466	Daratumumab+ Kd vs. Kd	ORR: 84.3% vs. 74.7%; median PFS: 28.6 vs. 15.2 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: thrombocytopenia (25% vs. 16%), hypertension (21% vs. 15%)	[61]
	GRIFFIN NCT02874742 Phase II	NDMM transplant eligible n = 207	Daratumumab+ VRd vs. VRd	ORR: 99.0% vs. 91.8%; 1-year PFS: 95.8% vs. 89.8%	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: neutropenia (41.4% vs. 21.6%), lymphopenia (23.2% vs. 21.6%)	[64]
	CASSIOPEIA NCT02541383 Phase III	NDMM transplant eligible n = 1085	Daratumumab+ VTd vs. VTd	ORR: 92.6% vs. 89.9%; 18-month PFS: 93% vs. 85%	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: neutropenia (28% vs. 15%), lymphopenia (17% vs. 10%)	[65]
	ALCYONE NCT02195479 Phase III	NDMM transplant ineligible n = 706	Daratumumab+ VMP vs. VMP	ORR: 91% vs. 74%; 18-month PFS: 72% vs. 50%.	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: neutropenia (39.9% vs.38.7%), thrombocytopenia (34.4% vs. 37.6%)	[68]
	MAIA NCT02252172 Phase III	NDMM transplant ineligible n = 737	Daratumumab+ Rd vs. Rd	ORR: 93% vs. 81%; median PFS: not reached vs. 34.4 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: neutropenia (54% vs. 37%), pneumonia (19% vs. 11%)	[69]
	ICARIA NCT02990338 Phase III	R/RMM at least 2 prior lines n = 307	Isatuximab +Pd vs. Pd	ORR: 60% vs. 35%; median PFS: 11.5 vs. 6.5 months	Common any-grade AEs: infusion reactions (38% vs. 0%), pneumonia (20% vs. 17%)	[80]
	IKEMA NCT03275285 Phase III	R/RMM at least 1 prior lines n = 302	Isatuximab +Kd vs. Kd	ORR: 87% vs. 83%; median PFS: not reached vs. 19.15 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: respiratory infection (32% vs. 24%), thrombocytopenia (30% vs. 24%)	[86]
	GMMG-CONCEPT NCT03104842 Phase II	NDMM High-risk n = 50	Isatuximab+KRd	ORR: 100%; 24-month PFS: 75.5%	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: infectious (10%), cardiovascular disorders (10%)	[88]
SLAMF7 monoclonal antibodes	ELOQUENT-2 NCT01239797 Phase III	R/RMM at least 1 prior lines n = 646	Elotuzumab+ Rd vs. Rd	ORR: 79% vs. 66%; median PFS: 19.4 vs. 14.9 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: infections (35% vs. 27%), neutropenia (27% vs. 34%)	[90, 91]
	ELOQUENT-3 NCT02654132 Phase II	R/RMM at least 2 prior lines n = 117	Elotuzumab+ Pd vs. Pd	ORR: 53% vs. 26%; median PFS: 10.3 vs. 4.7 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: neutropenia (13% vs. 27%), anemia (10% vs.20%)	[92]
	SWOG S1211 NCT01668719 Phase II	NDMM High-risk n = 100	Elotuzumab+ VRd vs. VRd	ORR: 83% vs. 88%; median PFS: 31.47 vs. 33.64 months	Common ≥grade 3 AEs: infections (17% vs. 8%), sensory neuropathy (13% vs. 8%)	[95]

R/RMM relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, ORR overall response rate, PFS progression-free survival, AEs adverse events, Rd lenalidomide + dexamethasone, Vd bortezomib + dexamethasone, Kd carfilzomib + dexamethasone, VRd bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone, VTd bortezomib + thalidomide + dexamethasone, VMP bortezomib + melphalan + and prednisone, Pd pomalidomide+ dexamethasone.