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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 28.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Immunol. 2019 Jan 16;37:295–324. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041447

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Fine-tuning cytokine signals by STAT dimers versus tetramers. (a) The essential functions of STAT1 and STAT5 are illustrated by the severe defects observed in mice in which the genes encoding STATs are deleted. (b) STAT tetramers serve critical functions, but the effect of preventing STAT tetramerization is less severe than the phenotype observed with complete deletion of the STAT proteins, indicating that STAT dimers alone can mediate certain core functions. Abbreviations: NK, natural killer; Treg, regulatory T cell.