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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 28.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Immunol. 2019 Jan 16;37:295–324. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041447

Table 1.

Cytokine families

Type 1 cytokines (2, 5) Type 2 cytokines (7–10) TNF (12, 15) IL-1 (11) IL-17 (13, 14)
γc βc gp130 IL-12 Others IFNs IL-10
IL-2 IL-3 IL-6 IL-12 Growth hormone IFN-α IL-10 TNF IL-1α IL-17A
IL-4 IL-5 IL-11 IL-23 Prolactin IFN-β IL-19 LTα3 IL-1β IL-17B
IL-7 GM-CSF IL-31 IL-27 Erythropoietin IFN-γ IL-20 LTα1β2 IL-1RA IL-17C
IL-9 Oncostatin M IL-35 Thrombopoietin IL-22 OX40L IL-18 IL-17D
IL-15 Leukemia inhibitory factor M-CSF IL-24 CD40L IL-33 IL-17E (IL-25)
IL-21 Ciliary neurotrophic factor SCF IL-26 RANKL IL-36α, β, γ IL-17F
Cardiotropin-1 TSLP IL-28Aa TWEAK IL-36RA
NNT-1/BSF-3 IL-13 IL-28Ba APRIL IL-37
Leptin IL-29a BAFF IL-38
G-CSF LIGHTb
a

IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 are also known as type III interferons or IFN-λs.

b

Homologous to lymphotoxin; exhibits inducible expression and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for binding to herpesvirus entry mediator; a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes.

Abbreviations: APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand; BAFF, B cell–activating factor; BSF-3, B cell–stimulating factor 3; CD40L, CD40 ligand; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IL-1RA, IL-1 receptor antagonist; IL-36RA, IL-36 receptor antagonist; LTα1β2, lymphotoxin α1β2; LTα3, lymphotoxin α3; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; NNT-1, novel neurotrophin 1; SCF, stem cell factor; OX40L, OX40 ligand; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-κB; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin; TWEAK, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis.