Table 1. Role of hormones in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Hormone	Role in PCOS	Mechanism/relation
LH (luteinizing hormone)	Altered LH action is associated with PCOS pathogenesis.	Dysregulation of LH contributes to hormonal imbalances in PCOS.
Insulin	Insulin resistance is a key factor in PCOS development.	Underlying insulin resistance exacerbates hyperandrogenism and affects androgen synthesis.
Androgens	Hyperandrogenism is a characteristic feature of PCOS.	Increased adrenal and ovarian synthesis of androgens, influenced by insulin resistance.
SHBG (sex hormone–binding globulin)	Suppression of SHBG synthesis is linked to PCOS.	Insulin resistance suppresses SHBG synthesis, contributing to elevated androgen levels.