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. 2024 Jan 15;3:1322741. doi: 10.3389/fneph.2023.1322741

Table 2.

The details of endocarditis (confirmation, microorganisms, location, specific patient background, and associated symptoms).

IE due to Bartonella
(N=89)
IE due to other microorganisms
(N=51)
Boils et al., 2015 (N=49)
(4 cases Bartonella+)
Blood culture
positive 4, (4%)
(n=89)
51, (100%)
(n=51)
47, (96%)
(n=49)
negative 85, (96%)
(n=89)
0, (0%)
(n=51)
1, (2%)
(n=49)
unknown 0, (0%)
(n=89)
0, (0%)
(n=51)
1, (2%)
(n=49)
Confirmation of microorganisms
(multiple methods were done)
Blood culture 4, (4%)
(n=89)
51, (100%)
(n=51)
47, (96%)
(n=49)
Serology (blood) 80, (99%)
(n=81)
N/A 1, (2%)
(n=49)
Serology or culture (tissue) 4, (27%)
(n=15)
All Culture blood and/or tissue Not available
PCR (blood) 23, (72%)
(n=32)
N/A Not available
PCR (tissue) 31, (86%)
(n=36)
N/A Not available
Others (Western blotting, immunohistochemically, Warthin-Starry stain etc.), 16 cases N/A Not available
Unknown 0, (0%)
(n=89)
N/A Not available
Microorganisms
B. henselae* 69, (78%)
(n=89)
N/A 4, (8%)
(n=49)
B. quintana* 22, (24%)
(n=89)
N/A 0
B. spp 11, (12%)
(n=89)
N/A 0
Other Bartonella 1, (1%)
(n=89)
N/A 0
MRSA N/A 25, (49%)
(n=51)
14, (29%)
(n=49)
MSSA N/A 14, (27%)
(n=51)
9, (18%)
(n=49)
Staphylococcus (not classified) N/A 2, (4%)
(n=49)
Streptococcus N/A 4, (8%)
(n=51)
11, (22%)
(n=49)
Others N/A 8, (16%)
(n=51)
4, (8%)
(n=49)
Location of endocarditis
Aortic valve 51, (65%)
(n=78)
7, (19%)
(n=37)
12, (29%)
(n=42)
Mitral valve 24, (31%)
(n=78)
9, (24%)
(n=37)
14, (33%)
(n=42)
Tricuspid valve 10, (13%)
(n=78)
25, (68%)
(n=37)
18, (43%)
(n=42)
Pulmonic valve 7, (9%)
(n=78)
0, (0%)
(n=37)
2, (5%)
(n=42)
(Multiple locations involved) 16, (21%)
(n=78)
3, (8%)
(n=37)
5, (12%)
(n=42)
Other 3, (4%)
(n=78)
0, (0%)
(n=37)
1, (2%)
(n=42)
Unknown or not available 11, (12%) 14, (27%) 7, (14%)
Duke criteria
(confirmed with available data)
Definite 74, (83%) 51, 100% Not available
>Possible 15, (17%) 0, 0% Not available
Histories of contact with animals 50 cases (56%) had animal contact histories. N/A N/A
Most plausible causes of endocarditis
Intravenous drug abuse 0, (0%) 31, (61%) N/A
Skin infections 0, (0%) 2, (4%) N/A
Hygiene problems 1, (1%) 3, (6%) N/A
Cat 42, (46%) 0, (0%) N/A
Dog 2, (2%) 0, (0%) N/A
Multiple animals (including cat) 6, (7%) 0, (0%) N/A
Others 0, (0%) 4, (8%) N/A
Unknown, N/A 39, (44%) 11, (22%) N/A
Prehistory of valve replacement, cardiac valvular disease, intracardiac shunt, congenital anomalies 61, (69%) 8, (16%) 15, (30%)
History of intravenous drug use 4, (4%); also had cats 31, (61%) 14, (29%)
Vascular phenomena: major arterial emboli, septic pulmonary infarcts, mycotic aneurysm, intracranial hemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhage** at least 27 cases had vascular phenomena at least 20 cases had vascular phenomena N/A
Skin lesions associated endocarditis** (rash, purpura, erythematosus) at least 29 cases had skin lesions at least 9 cases had skin lesions N/A

Numerical data is shown in mean with standard deviation or median with interquartile range.

Categorial data is shown with number with percentage.

PCR, polymerase chain reaction; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin- susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; N/A, not available; IE, infective endocarditis.

*Sixteen cases had both B. henselae, and B. quintana infection.

** As the clinical information is limited, more cases might have had vascular phenomena and skin lesions.

Microorganisms “Others” include Enterococcus fecalis, Acinetobacter, Anerococcus prevotii, Enterobacter and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis.