Table 2.
IE due to Bartonella (N=89) |
IE due to other microorganisms (N=51) |
Boils et al., 2015 (N=49) (4 cases Bartonella+) |
|
---|---|---|---|
Blood culture | |||
positive | 4, (4%) (n=89) |
51, (100%) (n=51) |
47, (96%) (n=49) |
negative | 85, (96%) (n=89) |
0, (0%) (n=51) |
1, (2%) (n=49) |
unknown | 0, (0%) (n=89) |
0, (0%) (n=51) |
1, (2%) (n=49) |
Confirmation of microorganisms (multiple methods were done) | |||
Blood culture | 4, (4%) (n=89) |
51, (100%) (n=51) |
47, (96%) (n=49) |
Serology (blood) | 80, (99%) (n=81) |
N/A | 1, (2%) (n=49) |
Serology or culture (tissue) | 4, (27%) (n=15) |
All Culture blood and/or tissue | Not available |
PCR (blood) | 23, (72%) (n=32) |
N/A | Not available |
PCR (tissue) | 31, (86%) (n=36) |
N/A | Not available |
Others (Western blotting, immunohistochemically, Warthin-Starry stain etc.), | 16 cases | N/A | Not available |
Unknown | 0, (0%) (n=89) |
N/A | Not available |
Microorganisms | |||
B. henselae* | 69, (78%) (n=89) |
N/A | 4, (8%) (n=49) |
B. quintana* | 22, (24%) (n=89) |
N/A | 0 |
B. spp | 11, (12%) (n=89) |
N/A | 0 |
Other Bartonella | 1, (1%) (n=89) |
N/A | 0 |
MRSA | N/A | 25, (49%) (n=51) |
14, (29%) (n=49) |
MSSA | N/A | 14, (27%) (n=51) |
9, (18%) (n=49) |
Staphylococcus (not classified) | N/A | 2, (4%) (n=49) |
|
Streptococcus | N/A | 4, (8%) (n=51) |
11, (22%) (n=49) |
Others | N/A | 8, (16%) (n=51) |
4, (8%) (n=49) |
Location of endocarditis | |||
Aortic valve | 51, (65%) (n=78) |
7, (19%) (n=37) |
12, (29%) (n=42) |
Mitral valve | 24, (31%) (n=78) |
9, (24%) (n=37) |
14, (33%) (n=42) |
Tricuspid valve | 10, (13%) (n=78) |
25, (68%) (n=37) |
18, (43%) (n=42) |
Pulmonic valve | 7, (9%) (n=78) |
0, (0%) (n=37) |
2, (5%) (n=42) |
(Multiple locations involved) | 16, (21%) (n=78) |
3, (8%) (n=37) |
5, (12%) (n=42) |
Other | 3, (4%) (n=78) |
0, (0%) (n=37) |
1, (2%) (n=42) |
Unknown or not available | 11, (12%) | 14, (27%) | 7, (14%) |
Duke criteria (confirmed with available data) | |||
Definite | 74, (83%) | 51, 100% | Not available |
>Possible | 15, (17%) | 0, 0% | Not available |
Histories of contact with animals | 50 cases (56%) had animal contact histories. | N/A | N/A |
Most plausible causes of endocarditis | |||
Intravenous drug abuse | 0, (0%) | 31, (61%) | N/A |
Skin infections | 0, (0%) | 2, (4%) | N/A |
Hygiene problems | 1, (1%) | 3, (6%) | N/A |
Cat | 42, (46%) | 0, (0%) | N/A |
Dog | 2, (2%) | 0, (0%) | N/A |
Multiple animals (including cat) | 6, (7%) | 0, (0%) | N/A |
Others | 0, (0%) | 4, (8%) | N/A |
Unknown, N/A | 39, (44%) | 11, (22%) | N/A |
Prehistory of valve replacement, cardiac valvular disease, intracardiac shunt, congenital anomalies | 61, (69%) | 8, (16%) | 15, (30%) |
History of intravenous drug use | 4, (4%); also had cats | 31, (61%) | 14, (29%) |
Vascular phenomena: major arterial emboli, septic pulmonary infarcts, mycotic aneurysm, intracranial hemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhage** | at least 27 cases had vascular phenomena | at least 20 cases had vascular phenomena | N/A |
Skin lesions associated endocarditis** (rash, purpura, erythematosus) | at least 29 cases had skin lesions | at least 9 cases had skin lesions | N/A |
Numerical data is shown in mean with standard deviation or median with interquartile range.
Categorial data is shown with number with percentage.
PCR, polymerase chain reaction; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin- susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; N/A, not available; IE, infective endocarditis.
*Sixteen cases had both B. henselae, and B. quintana infection.
** As the clinical information is limited, more cases might have had vascular phenomena and skin lesions.
Microorganisms “Others” include Enterococcus fecalis, Acinetobacter, Anerococcus prevotii, Enterobacter and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus epidermidis.