Figure 3.

Bioinspired hydrogel wearable devices. (a) Skin-inspired physical cross-linking ionic hydrogel with core–shell hybrid latex particles (HLPs) displayed excellent mechanical adaptability and could distinguish between various body movements and vocal patterns. Reproduced with permission from ref 84. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. (b) Octopus-inspired PDMS microstructure with integrated multilayered pNIPAM/PEDOT:PSS/CNT composite for skin compliant temperature sensing. Reproduced with permission from ref 85. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. (c) 3D bioprinting of skin-inspired Ca-PAA-SA-CNT ionic hydrogel for on-body strain sensing. Reproduced with permission from ref 86. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. (d) Schematic diagram of biological skin and self-powered biomimetic artificial skin for highly sensitive static and dynamic pressure sensing. Reproduced with permission from ref 87. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society. (e) Schematic illustration of multifunctional MN array with a mussel-inspired PDA base, polymyxa derived poylmxin loaded in the PEDGA/SA tips, and octopus-inspired suction cups surrounding each needle for improved skin adhesion. Reproduced with permission from ref 88. Copyright 2020, AAAS. (f) Schematic illustration for fabricating drug-laden biomimetic hydrogels via imprinting by polymerizing the HEMA polymer in the presence of functional monomers inspired by the human carbonic anhydrase active site. Reproduced with permission from ref 89. Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society. (g) Schematic of contractive hydrogel mechanism inspired by a frog jumping for storing and releasing chemical energy by incorporating permanent and reversible bonding throughout the hydrogel network. Reproduced with permission from ref 90. Copyright 2020 AAAS. (h) Thermophilic bacteria-inspired PAAc hydrogel with temperature-dependent hydrophobic and ionic interactions for instant thermal hardening. Reproduced with permission from ref 91. Copyright 2020 Wiley.