Table 5.

Effect size* at post-treatment month 3 and month 6

Time	Variable	Empowered Relief	Cognitive behavioral therapy	Health education
Month 3 post-treatment
	Pain Catastrophizing Scale	0.93	1.24	0.41
	Pain intensity	0.64	0.96	0.29
	PROMIS pain interference	0.64	1.12	0.36
	Pain bothersomeness	0.64	1.02	0.40
	PROMIS sleep disturbance	0.54	0.47	0.08
	PROMIS fatigue	0.45	0.73	0.33
	PROMIS depression	0.31	0.41	0.10
	PROMIS anxiety	0.35	0.52	0.03
	PROMIS physical function	0.41	0.62	0.19
	PROMIS pain behavior	1.26	0.74	0.45
	Pain self efficacy	0.43	0.85	0.17
	Chronic pain acceptance	0.15	0.01	0.04
Month 6 post-treatment
	Pain Catastrophizing Scale	1.14	1.06	0.63
	Pain intensity	0.80	0.86	0.31
	PROMIS pain interference	0.71	0.96	0.33
	Pain bothersomeness	0.71	0.77	0.25
	PROMIS sleep disturbance	0.41	0.40	0.21
	PROMIS fatigue	0.65	0.69	0.38
	PROMIS depression	0.38	0.43	0.25
	PROMIS anxiety	0.44	0.44	0.07
	PROMIS physical function	0.62	0.67	0.34
	PROMIS pain behavior	1.40	0.86	0.43
	Pain self efficacy	0.54	0.85	0.27
	Chronic pain acceptance	0.39	0.17	0.00

^*Effect size calculated by Glass' δ, difference of mean divided by standard deviation, where difference is of the paired samples values.

PROMIS, patient-reported outcomes measurement information system.