Table 1.

Overview of MMP substrates and physiological functions with currently unknown roles in the development of CAC.

MMP	Alternate names	Substrates	Role	Refs
MMP-12	Metalloelastase, macrophage elastase	Elastin, type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin	Macrophage recruitment; adipose tissue expansion; directly bactericidal	(14, 25–27)
MMP-15	MT2-MMP	Collagen, fibronectin, laminin, gelatin, pro-MMP-2 and -13	Cell migration, cytotrophoblast invasion	(28–30)
MMP-16	MT3-MMP	Fibrin, pro-MMP-2	Cell migration	(31)
MMP-17	MT4-MMP	Fibrinogen, pro-TNF, ADAMTS4, α-2-macroglobulin	Cell proliferation, angiogenesis, limb development	(32, 33)
MMP-19	RASI-1, stromelysin-4	Collagen I, IV, gelatin, fibronectin	Wound healing, epithelial proliferation	(34–36)
MMP-20	Enamelysin	Amelogenin	Tooth enamel development	(37)
MMP-21	N/A	Gelatin, a1-antiptrypsin, aggrecan	Embryogenesis, tumor progression	(38–40)
MMP-22	N/A	Gelatin, casein	Upregulated in coronary heart disease	(41, 42)
MMP-23	N/A	Gelatin	Modulates voltage-gated K+ channel trafficking	(24, 43)
MMP-24	MT5-MMP	Fibronectin, pro-MMP-2	Modulates neural stem cell proliferation and promotes neuroinflammation	(44–46)
MMP-25	MT6-MMP	Gelatin, collagen type IV, fibronectin, laminin, pro-MMP-2	Respiratory burst of phagocytes, IL-18 secretion, tumor progression	(33, 47, 48)
MMP-26	Matrilysin-2, endometase	Fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, denatured collagen	Enterocyte migration, tumor progression	(35, 49)
MMP-27	N/A	Unknown	Regulation of menstruation	(50)
MMP-28	Epilysin	Casein	Role in tissue homeostasis	(35, 51, 52)

TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CAC, colitis-associated cancer; Refs, references; N/A, not applicable.