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. 2024 Jan 29;7:136. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-05813-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a The scoring of lymphocyte infiltration of thyroid gland serum. b TgAb concentrations were determined using ELISA. c The percentage of CD4 + IL4 + T cells (Th2) among these three groups analyzed using flow cytometry. d The percentage of CD4 + IFN⁺cells (Th1) among these three groups analyzed using flow cytometry. e The percentage of CD4 + IL17+ cells (Th17) among these three groups analyzed using flow cytometry. (N = 12, 25, 20 for CON, HT, and BG group respectively). f The percentage of CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3+ cells (Treg) among these three groups analyzed using flow cytometry. g The ratio of TH17/Treg (CD4 + IL17 + / CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3+ cells) significantly decreased in the butyrate group compared with the HT group. h The mRNA expression of FFAR3 and FFAR2 in mice colon tissue. N = 7 in each group. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to detect significant changes for (a, d), and One-way ANOVA was used for (b), (c), (e), (f). The Welch’s ANOVA test was used for (g). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, and ^****P < 0.0001, ns, no significance.