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. 2024 Jan 16;12:1340308. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1340308

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Copyright © 2024 Xu, Yu and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The role of microglia in brain development and immune responses. Microglia are immune cells in the brain that play critical roles in brain development and functionality, which include modulating neuro- and gliogenesis, myelination, neuronal activity, synapse formation and pruning, and synaptic plasticity. Viral infection activates microglia to produce inflammatory cytokines and anti-viral responses that may protect the brain from damage. But microglia also serve as viral reservoir and transporter for viral dissemination in the brain.