Table 1.
Clinical data from 86 critically ill patients with invasive group A streptococcal infections
| Adult cases (n = 56) | Pediatric cases (n = 30) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age (years) | 48 ± 16 | 2 (1–5) |
| Male gender (n, %) | 34 (61%) | 17 (57%) |
| Weight (kg) | 80 ± 19 | 14 (10–19) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (23–28) | NA |
| Clinical presentation | ||
| Duration of symptoms prior to hospital admission (days) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (2–5) |
| Pneumonia (n, %) | 25 (45%) | 23 (77%) |
| With empyema (n) | 12 | 19 |
| Necrotizing fasciitis (n, %) | 13 (23%) | 0 |
| Other SSTI (n, %) | 9 (16%) | 4 (13%) |
| ENT infection (n, %) | 7 (13%) | 4 (13%) |
| Puerperal sepsis (n, %) | 2 (4%) | NA |
| Toxic shock syndrome (n, %) | 43 (77%) | 13 (43%) |
| Viral co-infection (n, %) | 18 (32%) | 21 (70%) |
| Influenza | 14 | 7 |
| HMPV | 3 | 4 |
| RSV | 1 | 3 |
| SARS CoV-2 | 0 | 3 |
| Varicella | 0 | 3 |
| Severity of illness and organ support | ||
| APACHE II score | 22 ± 9 | 21 ± 9 |
| SOFA score at ICU admission | 12 ± 5 | NA |
| Highest SOFA score in ICU | 13 ± 5 | NA |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation at ICU admission | 35 (63%) | 9 (30%) |
| Invasive mechanic ventilation (n, %) | 43 (77%) | 15 (50%) |
| Ventilator days | 12 (3–24) | 4 (2–12) |
| RRT at ICU admission | 13 (23%) | 0 |
| RRT (n, %) | 16 (29%) | 1 (3%) |
| Days on RRT | 16 ± 13 | 15 |
| Requiring vasoactive drugs at ICU admission | 45 (80%) | 9 (30%) |
| Septic shock (n, %) | 49 (88%) | 9 (30%) |
| Cardiogenic shock (n, %) | 20 (36%) | 6 (20%) |
| ECMO (n, %) | 11 (20%) | 2 (7%) |
| Days on ECMO | 15 (10–18) | 9 (8–10) |
| Outcomes | ||
| ICU length-of-stay (days) | 16 (6–40) | 7 (4–17) |
| Hospital length-of-stay (days) | 29 (20–65) | 18 (16–30) |
| 28 day mortality (n, %) | 11 (20%) | 1 (3%) |
| ICU mortality (n, %) | 12 (21%) | 1 (3%) |
| In-hospital mortality (n, %) | 12 (21%) | 1 (3%) |
BMI: body mass index; n number of patients; NA: not applicable; ENT: ear, nose and throat; SSTI: skin or soft tissue infection; HMPV: human metapneumovirus; RSV: Respiratory syncytial virus; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; APACHE II: acute physiology, age and chronic health evaluation; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; RRT: renal replacement therapy; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU: intensive care unit