Fig. 1.

Regeneration dynamics in clitellum independent earthworm, P. excavatus: A The earthworm, P. excavatus, appears red-brown and possesses an anterior head followed by clitellum, intestine, and anus. B amputation of earthworm at post-clitellum segments (50th segments), resulting in the development of two individual worms following eight days of post-amputation. C Following 24 h of post-amputation at the 10th segment, the wound sites were sealed by the contraction of surrounding tissues. D proliferative cells fill the deep furrow following 48 h of post-amputation E Pre-blastema structure was visibly observed on 72 h of post-amputation F Blastemal size elongated following 96 h post-amputation G Elongated blastema starts to differentiate and form visible segments following 120 h of post-amputation