Figure 2.

Toll-1 and Toll-7 receptors are required to maintain autophagy in Drosophila brain

(A) Detection of autophagy in Drosophila adult brain. Autophagy level in the brain of flies was determined by the formation of pmcherry-Atg8a puncta. Brains from different transgenic fly lines were dissected, and mCherry flourescence was examined by confocal microscope. The fluorescence intensity of mcherry-Atg8a puncta was quantified from at least 20 brains for each fly line by ImageJ (a4). Scale bar: 50 μm in a1 to a3, 20 μm in the amplified sections.

(B‒E) Detection of Akt, Tor, S6K, and Atg8a proteins in Drosophila adult brain. Akt, Tor, S6K, Atg8a, and tubulin protein levels in the brains of different transgenic flies were detected by immunoblotting (B). Relative protein level of p-Akt/total Akt (C), p-Tor/total Tor (D), or p-S6K/total S6K (E) was calculated by scanning 3 blots for each protein using ImageJ. Data were represented as means ± SEM. Significant difference was determined by one way ANOVA (see Figure 1 legend).