Table 1. Baseline Characteristics for the Entire Cohort and Intention-to-Treat Population.
| Characteristic | Overall sample (N = 135) | NB group (n = 45) | SSE group (n = 45) | PA group (control; n = 45) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 12.7 (1.4) | 12.7 (1.4) | 12.6 (1.4) | 12.6 (1.5) |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||
| Female | 111 (82) | 39 (87) | 33 (73) | 39 (87) |
| Male | 24 (18) | 6 (13) | 12 (27) | 6 (13) |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 158 (10) | 157 (9) | 158 (10) | 159 (10) |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 46.0 (9.2) | 44.8 (9.3) | 45.7 (9.0) | 47.3 (9.4) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 18.3 (2.6) | 18.0 (2.7) | 18.2 (2.4) | 18.6 (2.7) |
| Angle of trunk rotation, mean (SD), ° | 11 (3) | 12 (3) | 11 (3) | 11 (3) |
| Risser grade, No. (%)a | ||||
| 0 | 68 (53) | 21 (50) | 22 (52) | 25 (57) |
| 1 | 14 (11) | 5 (12) | 4 (10) | 5 (11) |
| 2 | 14 (11) | 5 (12) | 3 (7) | 6 (14) |
| 3 | 23 (18) | 9 (21) | 8 (19) | 6 (14) |
| 4 | 9 (7) | 2 (5) | 5 (12) | 2 (4) |
| 5 | 0 | |||
| Cobb angle of the major curve, mean (SD), °b | 31 (4) | 32 (4) | 31 (4) | 31 (4) |
| Location of the major curve, No. (%) | ||||
| Thoracic | 92 (68) | 31 (69) | 31 (68) | 30 (67) |
| Thoracolumbar | 27 (20) | 9 (20) | 7 (16) | 11 (24) |
| Lumbar | 16 (12) | 5 (11) | 7 (16) | 4 (9) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); NB, nighttime bracing; PA, physical activity alone; SSE, scoliosis-specific exercise.
a
The Risser grade is a staging system of bone maturity based on the ossification of the iliac apophysis, ranging from 0 to 5, with higher grades indicating greater maturity. Data were missing for the Risser grade in 7 patients.
b
Analysis of variance with the Dunnett correction test did not show any significant difference in the mean Cobb angle of the major curve between the NB group or the SSE and PA groups.