Fig. 4.

3D Pelvic kinematic waveforms presented as group average with standard deviations for pelvic tilt, pelvic obliquity and pelvic rotation during complete gait cycle (0%–100%). Comparison between patients with ID-ASD (green) compared with controls (black) in the first row, patients with DN-ASD (green) compared with controls (black) in the second row and patients with ID-ASD (black) compared with patients with DN-ASD (green) in the third row. The blue shaded areas indicate the part of the gait cycle (%) were the kinematic waveforms significantly differ between groups tested with SPM 2-tailed 2-sample t-test. 3D, three-dimensional; ID-ASD, symptomatic idiopathic scoliosis-adult spinal deformity; DN-ASD, "de novo"-adult spinal deformity; SPM, statistical parametric mapping.