Table 5.
Associations between DINP exposure and semen parameters.
| Reference; Study Confidence Rating; N | Exposure | Outcome transformation | Effect estimate | Metabolite (ng/mL) [median unless otherwise specified] | Sperm concentration (×106/ml) | Motility (% normal) | Morphology (% normal) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MCiOP | |||||||
| Specht et al. (2014); Medium; 589 | Tertiles | Ln-transformed | Means (CI) by percentile e group | 0.5 maximum: 42 | <25th: 52.8 (43.9, 63.7) 25th−75th: 52.2 (45.1, 60.3) >75th: 51.8 (43.1, 62.2) |
||
| (Pan et al., 2016); Pan et al. (2015); Medium; 1,066 | Ln-transformed | Cubic root for concentration | % change (CI) | 1.2 IQR: 0.7–2.1 | −1.2% (−3.4, 0.9) | −2.4% (−5.2, 0.4%) | −3.4% (−6.4, 0.3) |
| Axelsson et al. (2015a); Medium; 314 | Quartiles | Cubic root | Mean difference (Q4 vs. Q1) | 16 range: 1.4−810 | −0.08 (−0.49, 0.33) | −1.3 (−7.2, 4.6) | −1.2 (−3.1, 0.81) |
| MINP | |||||||
| Jurewicz et al. (2013); Medium; 269 | Log transformed | Log transformed | β (p) | 1.1 IQR: 0.2−6.4 | −0.31 (0.191) | 6.21 (0.060) | −9.05 (0.033)* |
| Specht et al. (2014); Medium; 589 | Tertiles | Ln-transformed | Means (CI) by percentile group | 0.003 Proxy-MINP (nm) 0.15 (maximum) | <25th: 50.3 (37.8, 67.1) 25th−75th: 48.7 (37.4, 63.4) >75th: 45.5 (34.2, 60.4) |
*
p < 0.05, results that support an association are shaded. Dark gray represents one or more of the following: p < 0.05, large effect size (e.g., OR ≥ 1.5, β ≥ −0.5, % difference ≥ 1.0%), or exposure-response trend across categories of exposure. Light gray represents other supportive results.
Q = quartile; T = tertile. Studies are sorted by study confidence level within each metabolite-effect estimate grouping.