Table 7.

Associations between DIBP and semen parameters.

Reference; Study Confidence Rating; N	Exposure	Outcome transformation	Effect estimate	MIBP median (ng/mL)	Sperm concentration (×106/ml)	Motility (% normal)	Morphology (% normal)
Thurston et al. (2016); Medium; 420	Ln-transformed	Log-transformed	β (CI)	2.8	0.02 (−0.06,0.11)	0.82 (−0.31,1.96)	0.28 (−0.27,0.83)
Bloom et al. (2015); Medium; 375	Continuous ln transformed; 1 IQR difference	Box-Cox transformed	β (CI)	4.4	0.46 (−1.90,2.83)	−0.98 (−3.16,1.20)	−4.43 (−15.15,6.29)
Den Hond et al. (2015); Low; 120	Continuous ln-transformed	Continuous, no transformation noted	β (SE)	55 (mean)	0.16 (0.53)	4.81 (3.59)	0.10 (0.33)
(Pan et al., 2016); Pan et al. (2015); Medium; 1,066	Ln-transformed	Cubic root for conc	% change (CI)	48	−2.1% (−4.6,0.4)	−2.2% (−5.4,1.1)	−5.3% (−8.9,−1.8)*

^*p < 0.05, results that support an association are shaded. Dark gray represents one or more of the following: p < 0.05, large effect size (e.g., OR ≥ 1.5, β ≥ −0.5, % difference ≥ 1.0%), or exposure-response trend across categories of exposure. Light gray represents other supportive results.

Q = quartile; T = tertile. Studies are sorted by study confidence level within each metabolite-effect estimate grouping.