TABLE 1.

Methods of improving the yield of butenyl-spinosyn.

Technique	Methods	Improvement in butenyl-spinosyn production	References
Random mutagenesis	NTG mutagenesis	86.7%	Chen et al. (2018)
	Ribosome engineering	1.79-fold	Luo et al. (2016)
	Ribosome engineering	2.2-fold	Wu et al. (2015)
Metabolic engineering	Flaviolin-like gene cluster deletion	4.06-fold	He et al. (2021b)
	Overexpression Sp1418	225.9%	He et al. (2020)
	Combined modification of butenyl-spinosyn polyketide synthase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase	154.1 ± 10.98 mg/L	Rang et al. (2022)
	NRPS-T1PKS cluster deletion	4.72-fold	Rang et al. (2021)
	Overexpressed polynucleotide phosphorylase gene	1.92-fold	Li et al. (2018)