Table 3.
Heterogeneity by the presence of an older household member: Determinants of catastrophic health expenditure
| CHE10 | With 64 y/o< | With 65 y/o+ |
|---|---|---|
| Income | -0.01* | -0.01 |
| (0.00) | (0.01) | |
| Savings | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Age of household head | -0.01** | -0.01 |
| (0.00) | (0.01) | |
| Age of household head2 | 0.00** | 0.00 |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Household head being university graduate or higher | 0.03 | -0.04 |
| (0.02) | (0.03) | |
| Household head being in paid work | -0.04** | -0.04** |
| (0.01) | (0.01) | |
| House ownership | 0.03** | 0.08# |
| (0.01) | (0.05) | |
| Household size | -0.01 | 0.02 |
| (0.01) | (0.02) | |
| Individual-FE | Yes | Yes |
| City-by-Year-FE | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 0.47** | 0.52 |
| (0.12) | (0.34) | |
| Individuals | 6,113 | 3,059 |
| Observations | 44,347 | 19,031 |
Note: CHE10 denotes catastrophic health expenditure at a 10% threshold; Estimates by fixed-effects linear probability models, classifying the sample by the presence/absence of at least one household member aged 65 or older; ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, # p < 0.10; Values are coefficients with cluster-robust standard errors in parentheses; Income and savings are equivalised by household size and transformed by the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation; Household size represents the log transformed number of household members; FE represents fixed-effects; Weighted by longitudinal weights to address for attrition bias; singleton observations are not used for estimations; As a result of estimating multiple models to assess non-linear relationships between age of household head and the experienced CHE10, the quadratic relationship was observed whilst the cubic term of age was not significant.