Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the heart failure cohort and grouped by statin use or non-use.
| Baseline characteristics | Overall | Statin non-use | Statin use | SMD before IPTW | SMD after IPTW |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 104,295 | 50,291 | 54,004 | ||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 74.2 ± 13.6 | 75.6 ± 14.6 | 73.0 ± 12.4 | 0.191 | 0.011 |
| Sex (male, %) | 52,511 (50.3) | 23,774 (47.3) | 28,737 (53.2) | 0.119 | 0.011 |
| Smoking (%) | 22,957 (22.0) | 10,582 (21.0) | 12,375 (22.9) | 0.045 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol (%) | 2740 (2.6) | 1389 (2.8) | 1351 (2.5) | 0.016 | 0.005 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension (%) | 47,151 (45.2) | 20,060 (39.9) | 27,091 (50.2) | 0.208 | 0.067 |
| Diabetes (%) | 28,197 (27.0) | 9175 (18.2) | 19,022 (35.2) | 0.391 | 0.087 |
| Obesity (%) | 1406 (1.3) | 393 (0.8) | 1013 (1.9) | 0.096 | 0.001 |
| Stroke (%) | 9986 (9.6) | 3740 (7.4) | 6246 (11.6) | 0.141 | 0.051 |
| Anemia (%) | 11,852 (11.4) | 6666 (13.3) | 5186 (9.6) | 0.115 | 0.103 |
| CAD (%) | 33,050 (31.7) | 8741 (17.4) | 24,309 (45.0) | 0.625 | 0.111 |
| PVD (%) | 12,732 (12.2) | 5586 (11.1) | 7146 (13.2) | 0.065 | 0.069 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 13,498 (12.9) | 2021 (4.0) | 11,477 (21.3) | 0.537 | 0.149 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 26,353 (25.3) | 13,924 (27.7) | 12,429 (23.0) | 0.108 | 0.007 |
| Other arrythmias (%) | 5865 (5.6) | 2466 (4.9) | 3399 (6.3) | 0.061 | 0.01 |
| Cirrhosis (%) | 828 (0.8) | 533 (1.1) | 295 (0.5) | 0.058 | 0.001 |
| Chronic renal failure (%) | 9018 (8.6) | 3893 (7.7) | 5125 (9.5) | 0.062 | 0.079 |
| Other chronic kidney diseases (%) | 17,025 (16.3) | 6875 (13.7) | 10,150 (18.8) | 0.139 | 0.077 |
| Hearing loss (%) | 1157 (1.1) | 533 (1.1) | 624 (1.2) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Head injury (%) | 8077 (7.7) | 4159 (8.3) | 3918 (7.3) | 0.038 | 0.006 |
| Cancer (%) | 9424 (9.0) | 5031 (10.0) | 4393 (8.1) | 0.065 | 0.009 |
| Parkinson's disease (%) | 856 (0.8) | 544 (1.1) | 312 (0.6) | 0.056 | 0.004 |
| Rheumatism (%) | 7408 (7.1) | 4076 (8.1) | 3332 (6.2) | 0.075 | 0.006 |
| Depression (%) | 2558 (2.5) | 1186 (2.4) | 1372 (2.5) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
| Sleep apnea (%) | 2500 (2.4) | 866 (1.7) | 1634 (3.0) | 0.086 | 0.026 |
| Drugs | |||||
| Aspirin (%) | 48,001 (46.0) | 23,195 (46.1) | 24,806 (45.9) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| ACE inhibitors (%) | 30,094 (28.9) | 11,288 (22.4) | 18,806 (34.8) | 0.276 | 0.021 |
| ARB (%) | 8562 (8.2) | 2462 (4.9) | 6100 (11.3) | 0.236 | 0.005 |
| Beta-blockers (%) | 34,445 (33.0) | 12,075 (24.0) | 22,370 (41.4) | 0.378 | 0.030 |
| CCB (%) | 39,615 (38.0) | 16,297 (32.4) | 23,318 (43.2) | 0.224 | 0.015 |
| Diuretics (%) | 31,476 (30.2) | 14,644 (29.1) | 16,832 (31.2) | 0.045 | 0.054 |
| Statins (%) | 29,905 (28.7) | 2110 (4.2) | 27,795 (51.5) | 1.241 | 0.127 |
| Insulin (%) | 8175 (7.8) | 2085 (4.1) | 6090 (11.3) | 0.270 | 0.046 |
| Other anti-DM drugs (%) | 23,628 (22.7) | 7490 (14.9) | 16,138 (29.9) | 0.366 | 0.053 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DM, diabetes; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; No., number; PVD, Peripheral vascular disease; SMD, standard mean difference.