TABLE 6.
In vitro activities of selected antibiotics against B. pseudomallei
| Agent | Source (no. of isolates) | MIC (mg/liter)a
|
Reference(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50% | 90% | Range | |||
| Amikacin | United Kingdom (12) | NRb | 64 | 32-64 | 297 |
| Amoxicillin | Various (127) | >64 | >64 | 32-256 | 18, 76 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanate | Various (406) | 2-8 | 4-8 | 2/0.5->512 | 18, 76, 222, 232, 297, 392 |
| Ampicillin | Various (199) | 32-64 | 32->64 | 0.25->256 | 232, 402 |
| Ampicillin-sulbactam | Thailand (199) | 4 | 8 | 0.25-128 | 402 |
| Azithromycin | United Kingdom collection (unknown) | 64 | >64 | 1->64 | 232 |
| Azlocillin | Australia (100) | 2 | 4 | 2-16 | 18 |
| Aztreonam | Various (423) | 4-16 | 8-32 | 2->256 | 18, 76, 402, 497 |
| Biapenem | Thailand (124) | 0.25-0.5 | 0.25-2 | 0.06-2 | 392 |
| Carbenicillin | Canadian collection (20) | NR | 100 | 50-200 | 158 |
| Carumonam | Thailand, United Kingdom collection (211) | 2 | 4-8 | 0.5-256 | 297, 402 |
| Cefamandole | Australia (100) | >64 | >64 | >64 | 23 |
| Cefazolin | Australia (100) | >64 | >64 | >64 | 23 |
| Cefepime | Thailand (97) | 12.5 | 12.5 | 3.13-50 | 497 |
| Cefixime | Thailand (199) | 2 | 4 | 1-16 | 402 |
| Cefoperazone | Thailand, Hong Kong (27) | 8 | 16 | 8-16 | 76 |
| Cefoperazone-sulbactam | Malaysia (50) | NR | 4 | NR | 244 |
| Cefotaxime | Various (324) | 2-4 | 3.13-8 | 0.78-12.5 | 18, 23, 76, 497 |
| Cefoxitin | Australia (100) | >64 | >64 | >64 | 23 |
| Ceftazidime | Australian clinical (170) | 1-3 | 222 | ||
| Ceftazidime | Various (887) | 0.78-2 | 1-4 | 0.25-256 | 18, 76, 222, 232, 346, 392, 402, 497 |
| Ceftriaxone | Various (127) | 2-4 | 4-8 | 2-8 | 18, 76 |
| Cefuroxime | Various (127) | 16-64 | 32->64 | 16->64 | 23, 76, 232 |
| Cefuzonam | Thailand (97) | 3.13 | 6.25 | 1.56-25 | 497 |
| Cephalexin | Australia (100) | >64 | >64 | >64 | 23 |
| Cephalothin | Australian clinical isolates (100) | >64 | >64 | >64 | 23 |
| Chloramphenicol | Various (409) | 6.3-16 | 6.3-32 | 1.6->200 | 76, 155, 182, 222, 232, 346, 497 |
| Ciprofloxacin | Various (423) | 2-4 | 3.13-8 | 1-16 | 18, 76, 232, 402, 497 |
| Cycloserine | U.S. NIHc collection (51) | 32 | 42 | 8-64 | 182 |
| Doxycycline | Various (277) | 0.5-4 | 1-8 | 0.5-16 | 155, 182, 222, 232 |
| Enoxacin | Thailand (97) | 6.25 | 6.25 | 3.13-25 | 497 |
| Erythromycin | U.S. NIH collection (51) | 128 | 128 | 16-128 | 182 |
| Fosfomycin | Thailand (97) | >200 | >200 | >200 | 497 |
| Gentamicin | Various (63) | 32 | 64 | 0.125-128 | 182, 232, 297 |
| Imipenem | Various (590) | 0.39-0.5 | 0.78-1 | 0.12-8 | 222, 232, 392, 402, 497 |
| Kanamycin | U.S. NIH collection (51) | 8 | 32 | 1-32 | 182 |
| Lomefloxacin | Thailand (97) | 6.25 | 6.25 | 3.13-25 | 497 |
| Meropenem | Australia, Thailand (391) | 0.78-1 | 0.78-1 | 0.25-4 | 222, 392, 497 |
| Minocycline | Thailand (97) | 1.56 | 3.13 | 0.78-3.13 | 497 |
| Moxalactam | Australia (100) | 8 | 16 | 4-16 | 23 |
| Nalidixic acid | Thailand (97) | 25 | 50 | 3.13->200 | 497 |
| Neomycin | U.S. NIH collection (51) | 64 | 128 | 8->128 | 182 |
| Netilmicin | United Kingdom collection (12) | NR | 128 | 16-128 | 297 |
| Norfloxacin | Thailand, Australia (197) | 4-12.5 | 8-12.5 | 1-50 | 18, 497 |
| Novobiocin | U.S. NIH collection (51) | 8 | 16 | 4-32 | 182 |
| Ofloxacin | Various (124) | 2-6.25 | 6.25-8 | 0.78-12.5 | 76, 232, 497 |
| Panipenem | Thailand (124) | 0.5 | 1 | 0.06-16 | 392 |
| Piperacillin | Various (605) | 1-4 | 2-8 | 0.25-16 | 18, 76, 222, 232, 297, 402, 497 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | Thailand (199) | 1 | 1 | 0.25-8 | 402 |
| Rifampin | Various (175) | 8-25 | 16-64 | 3.13-128 | 76, 182, 232, 497 |
| Sulfamethoxazole | Various (97) | 16-50 | 50->64 | 12.5->64 | 232, 497 |
| Temafloxacin | Thailand (296) | 3.13-8 | 6.25-16 | 0.25-32 | 402, 497 |
| Tetracycline | Various (175) | 4-6.25 | 8-16 | 0.78-16 | 76, 182, 346, 497 |
| Ticarcillin | Various (326) | 128->256 | 256->256 | 64->256 | 18, 76, 402 |
| Ticarcillin-clavulanate | Thailand (199) | 4-16 | 4-16 | 1->256 | 18, 76, 402 |
| Trimethoprim | Thailand, United Kingdom collection (97) | 16-25 | 25->64 | 1.56->64 | 232, 497 |
| TMP-SMXd | Thailand (97) | 1/19-5/25 | 2/28->64 | 0.625/3.125-20/100 | 76, 222, 232, 331, 346, 497 |
| Tosufloxacin | Thailand (97) | 1.56 | 3.13 | 0.39-6.25 | 497 |
a
50% and 90%, MICs at which 50 and 90% of isolates are inhibited, respectively.
b
NR, not recorded.
c
NIH, National Institutes of Health.
d
MICs vary with testing method.