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. 2024 Jan 17;10:1304868. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1304868

Table 3.

Cardiorespiratory parameters and fraction of expired isoflurane (Fe’Iso) and of expired CO2 (FE’CO2) measured in foals undergoing general anesthesia and administered lidocaine intraoperatively (LIDO group) or not administered lidocaine intraoperatively (HC group).

Parameters Groups Baseline Intraoperative Recovery
HR (beats min−1) LIDO 102.8 ± 22.8a 71.2 ± 13.4*b 84.6 ± 6.8ab
HC 118.5 ± 24.6a 87.1 ± 17.7b 104.7 ± 27.9ab
p = 0.1 p = 0.02 p = 0.09
MAP (mmHg) LIDO ND 69.8 ± 9.2 ND
HC ND 62.4 ± 9.7 ND
p = 0.08
SpO2 (%) LIDO ND 99.9 (97.1–100)* ND
HC ND 98.6 (95–100) ND
p = 0.04
FE’Iso (%) LIDO ND 1.1 (0.86–1.3) ND
HC ND 1.1 (0.9–1.3) ND
p = 0.2
FE’CO2 (mmHg) LIDO ND 48.5 ± 4.0 ND
HC ND 47.5 ± 7.3 ND
p = 0.73

Heart rate (HR) was measured at anesthetic evaluation (baseline) during general anesthesia (intraoperative) and at the recovery. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) the oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the fraction of expired isoflurane (FE’Iso) and of expired CO2 (FE’CO2) were measured intraoperatively. ND: not determined. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD). *Significantly (p < 0.05) different from the HC group. Data with different letters in a row (a,b,c) indicate a significant difference between each time point (p < 0.05).