TABLE 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Year	Number of patients		Age (years)		Sex (male/female)
		Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control	Intervention	Control
Liu (a) 24	2017	48	48	12.3 ± 0.6	11.7 ± 0.6	27/21	29/19
Liu (b) 23	2010	50	38	74.22 ± 5.56	73.53 ± 5.76	30/20	23/15
Liang 22	2017	50	50	5.52 ± 1.63	5.58 ± 1.56	29/21	28/22
Jiang 21	2015	50	50	64.47 ± 11.8		62/38
Hou 28	2013	80	73	42–86	53–77	38/42	40/33
Deng 20	2013	32	32	2–25		39/25
Zeng 19	2020	40	40	5.75 ± 1.57	5.61 ± 1.82	24/16	21/19
Wang (a) 25	2019	56	56	74.22 ± 5.85	72.21 ± 6.52	36/20	32/24
Wang (b) 26	2022	36	36	5.21 ± 0.46	5.23 ± 0.48	19/17	20/16
Wu 27	2022	30	30	60.78 ± 3.84	59.12 ± 3.83	23/7	23/7
Zhu 31	2012	68	57	50–87	51–82	39/29	35/22
Zhang 30	2017	50	50	65.4 ± 2.2	63.8 ± 2.2	24/26	28/22
Yang 29	2019	49	49	44.86 ± 9.97	43.79 ± 9.38	27/22	29/20