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. 2023 Jun 4;46(1):945–960. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00840-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Chromatin state analysis of age-related CpGs. The heatmap color-codes the hypergeometric overlap analysis between age-related CpGs (columns) and two groupings of CpGs (a) binding by Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC1, PRC2) defined based on ChipSeq datasets in ENCODE [64] and (b) universal chromatin states analysis [61], see the first two rows. The background is based on the 4239 mammalian CpGs that can map to the X. tropicalis genome (v9.1.102). The first column shows a bar plot that reports the proportion of CpGs bound by PRC2 that ranges from zero (RPC1) to one (PRC2). For each row (chromatin state or PRC annotation), the table reports odds ratios (OR) from hypergeometric test results for the top 500 CpGs that increased/decreased with age from meta-EWAS, X. laevis EWAS and X. tropicalis EWAS, respectively. The heatmap color gradient is based on -log10 (unadjusted hypergeometric P-value) multiplied by the sign of OR greater than one. Red colors denote OR greater than one in contrast with blue colors for OR less than one. Legend lists states based on their group category and PRC group. The y-axis lists chromatin states and PRC2 target sites. The left/right panel lists the results based on the top 500 CpGs with positive/negative age correlation. We display 16 universal chromatin states that show significant enrichment/depletion at P < 0.001 in any of the EWAS