Table 2.
NR effects on arterial blood flow (pcASL) within the default mode network. Each structure is represented as a 12-mm-diameter spherical region of interest centered at the activation maxima coordinates from [68]
| Region of interest | Placebo | NR | Group difference | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMN structures | Pre | Post | Pre-post (95% CI) | p-value | Pre | Post | Pre-post (95% CI) | p-value | Group differences (95% CI) | p-value |
| Total DMN | 9.7 ± 1.75 | 10.05 ± 2.59 | −0.36 [−2.03, 1.32] | 0.642 | 9.51 ± 2.25 | 8.59 ± 1.73 | 0.92 [0.23, 1.62] | 0.013 | −1.28 [−3.03, 0.47] | 0.138 |
| Precuneus | 11.88 ± 2.93 | 12.74 ± 3.43 | −0.86 [−3.4, 1.67] | 0.46 | 11.21 ± 3.12 | 9.81 ± 2.52 | 1.4 [−0.13, 2.92] | 0.069 | −2.26 [−5.07, 0.54] | 0.107 |
| PCC | 13.28 ± 3.23 | 13 ± 4.74 | 0.28 [−2.09, 2.64] | 0.798 | 11.39 ± 4.1 | 9.85 ± 3.55 | 1.54 [0.14, 2.94] | 0.033 | −1.26 [−3.88, 1.35] | 0.32 |
| r. IPL | 11.43 ± 2.86 | 12.27 ± 2.91 | −0.84 [−2.7, 1.01] | 0.33 | 11.76 ± 2.48 | 10.4 ± 2.42 | 1.36 [−0.1, 2.81] | 0.066 | −2.2 [−4.42, 0.02] | 0.052 |
| v. ACC | 8.2 ± 1.78 | 8.83 ± 2.42 | −0.63 [−3.06, 1.81] | 0.574 | 7.37 ± 2.82 | 6.59 ± 1.64 | 0.79 [−0.45, 2.02] | 0.192 | −1.42 [−4.03, 1.2] | 0.266 |
| m. PFC | 7.31 ± 2.23 | 7.64 ± 2.22 | −0.33 [−1.81, 1.15] | 0.626 | 7.59 ± 2.34 | 6.86 ± 2.16 | 0.73 [−0.25, 1.71] | 0.131 | −1.06 [−2.74, 0.62] | 0.2 |
| r. MTG | 9.16 ± 2.82 | 8.19 ± 2.93 | 0.97 [−1.28, 3.23] | 0.349 | 8.54 ± 2.96 | 8.69 ± 2.91 | −0.15 [−2.11, 1.8] | 0.867 | 1.12 [−1.65, 3.9] | 0.406 |
| l. MFG | 7.34 ± 2.42 | 8.1 ± 2.53 | −0.76 [−3.05, 1.53] | 0.474 | 8.21 ± 2.86 | 7.33 ± 1.99 | 0.87 [−0.19, 1.94] | 0.1 | −1.63 [−4.06, 0.8] | 0.171 |
| l. IPL | 10.21 ± 2.66 | 10.36 ± 2.32 | −0.14 [−1.9, 1.62] | 0.858 | 10.77 ± 3.08 | 9.11 ± 2.98 | 1.66 [0.5, 2.82] | 0.009 | −1.8 [−3.8, 0.19] | 0.074 |
| l. MTG | 8.3 ± 2.44 | 7.85 ± 2.56 | 0.45 [−1.89, 2.8] | 0.669 | 9.02 ± 3.02 | 8.51 ± 2.14 | 0.51 [−1.22, 2.24] | 0.531 | −0.06 [−2.78, 2.66] | 0.965 |
| r. Hippo | 6.15 ± 1.93 | 5.36 ± 1.95 | 0.79 [−0.76, 2.34] | 0.274 | 6.44 ± 1.82 | 6.51 ± 1.4 | −0.07 [−1.28, 1.14] | 0.902 | 0.86 [−0.97, 2.69] | 0.337 |
| l. Hippo | 6.13 ± 1.86 | 5.24 ± 1.83 | 0.89 [−1.11, 2.88] | 0.334 | 6.35 ± 1.66 | 6.27 ± 1.1 | 0.08 [−1, 1.16] | 0.877 | 0.81 [−1.34, 2.96] | 0.43 |
NR nicotinamide riboside, DMN default mode network, PCC posterior cingulate cortex, r. IPL right inferior parietal lobe, v. ACC ventral anterior cingulate cortex, m. PFC medial prefrontal cortex, r. MTG right mid temporal gyrus, l. MFG left mid frontal gyrus, l. IPL left inferior parietal lobe, l. MTG left mid temporal gyrus, r. Hippo right hippocampus, l. Hippo left hippocampus