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. 2023 Apr 19;20(1):83–89. doi: 10.1007/s11302-023-09941-2

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Fig. 1 — Fetal bovine serum (FBS) contains ATP and FBS-derived EVs/MPs are a source of ATP. A ATP concentration of four different commercially available FBS samples after ATP extraction using acid precipitation protocol. B-C ATP content of heat-inactivated (B) and non-inactivated (C) serum samples (Gibco). Fresh serum was treated with Triton X-100-based lysis buffer (LB), and then incubated with apyrase (Apy) or inactivated apyrase. D ATP content of fresh FBS sample and EV-depleted FBS after treatment with lysis buffer. ATP was measured using soluble luciferase in all experiments