Fig. 4.

Graphical presentation representing the theoretical basis of Aβ accumulation in the brain tissue. Aβ deposits in the brain cause the migration of astrocytes and microglial cells into the region of plaque formation. Biological task of these cells is to phagocytose the formed lesions. Heterogeneity in proteolytic cleavages during Aβ generation and the relevant post-translational modification processes of Aβ may translate into the rate of amyloid aggregate formation, their neurotoxicity, and the effect of plaques against phagocytic cells. The symbols of the stop sign and the plus sign refer to the intensity of a given process or to the effect of increased or decreased endocytosis in relation to selected types of cells making up the nervous tissue