Table 3.
Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and brain overwork by sex and age group, n = 613.
| Characteristics (n) | HADS (cut-off score) | HADS (cut-off score) | BOS-10 (cut-off score) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A (8) | D (8) | T (17) | A (11) | D (11) | T (23) | ET (9) | H (8) | RB (12) | T (28) | |||||||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Male(190) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–29 (30) | 19 | 63.3 | 13 | 43.3 | 16 | 53.3 | 7 | 23.3 | 4 | 13.3 | 1 | 3.3 | 10 | 33.3 | 12 | 40.0 | 9 | 30.0 | 11 | 36.7 |
| 30–44 (64) | 21 | 32.8 | 10 | 15.6 | 8 | 12.5 | 4 | 6.3 | 1 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 15.6 | 7 | 10.9 | 12 | 18.8 | 8 | 12.5 |
| 45–65 (96) | 21 | 21.9 | 4 | 14.6 | 8 | 8.3 | 3 | 3.1 | 1 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 7.3 | 4 | 4.2 | 12 | 12.5 | 10 | 10.4 |
| Total (190) | 61 | 32.1 | 37 | 19.5 | 32 | 16.8 | 14 | 7.4 | 6 | 3.2 | 1 | 0.5 | 27 | 14.2 | 23 | 12.1 | 33 | 17.4 | 29 | 15.3 |
| Age-adjusted % | 38.8 | 20.3 | 23.6 | 10.5 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 18.5 | 17.7 | 20.3 | 19.2 | ||||||||||
| p value | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.069 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | 0.082 | 0.002 | ||||||||||
| Female(423) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–29 (88) | 33 | 37.5 | 24 | 27.3 | 21 | 23.9 | 12 | 13.6 | 4 | 4.5 | 2 | 2.3 | 21 | 23.9 | 13 | 14.8 | 30 | 34.1 | 25 | 28.4 |
| 30–44 (180) | 63 | 35 | 51 | 28.3 | 38 | 21.1 | 22 | 12.2 | 10 | 5.6 | 7 | 3.9 | 28 | 15.6 | 27 | 15.0 | 41 | 22.8 | 41 | 22.8 |
| 45–65 (155) | 30 | 19.4 | 27 | 17.4 | 15 | 9.7 | 4 | 2.6 | 7 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 4.5 | 6 | 3.9 | 6 | 3.9 | 3 | 1.9 |
| Total (423) | 126 | 29.8 | 102 | 24.1 | 74 | 17.5 | 38 | 9.0 | 21 | 5.0 | 9 | 2.1 | 56 | 13.2 | 46 | 10.9 | 77 | 18.2 | 69 | 16.3 |
| Age-adjusted % | 30.5 | 19.7 | 18.1 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 2.1 | 14.2 | 11.2 | 19.7 | 17.4 | ||||||||||
| p value | 0.002 | 0.049 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.890 | 0.048 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
| Total (613) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–29 (118) | 52 | 44.1 | 37 | 31.4 | 37 | 31.4 | 19 | 16.1 | 8 | 6.8 | 3 | 2.5 | 31 | 26.3 | 25 | 21.2 | 39 | 33.1 | 36 | 30.5 |
| 30–44 (244) | 84 | 34.4 | 61 | 25.0 | 46 | 18.9 | 26 | 10.7 | 11 | 4.5 | 7 | 2.9 | 38 | 15.6 | 34 | 13.9 | 53 | 21.7 | 49 | 20.1 |
| 45–65 (251) | 51 | 20.3 | 41 | 16.3 | 23 | 9.2 | 7 | 2.8 | 8 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 5.6 | 10 | 4.0 | 18 | 7.2 | 13 | 5.2 |
| Total (613) | 187 | 30.5 | 139 | 22.7 | 106 | 17.3 | 52 | 8.5 | 27 | 4.4 | 10 | 1.6 | 83 | 13.5 | 69 | 11.3 | 110 | 17.9 | 98 | 16.0 |
| Age-adjusted % | 34.5 | 20.0 | 20.8 | 9.9 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 16.3 | 14.4 | 20.0 | 18.3 | ||||||||||
| p value | < 0.001 | 0.003 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.291 | 0.029 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
*p values were analyzed using the χ2 test. A: anxiety score, HADS. BOS-10: Brain Overwork Scale-10. D: depression score, HADS. ET: excessive thinking score, BOS-10. H: hypersensitivity score, BOS-10. HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. n: count. RB: restless behavior score, BOS-10. T: total score. The cut-off scores of the HADS were 8 (including mild, moderate, and severe levels) and 11 (including moderate and severe levels) for both anxiety and depression. The cut-off scores of the BOS-10 using the 1 standard deviation above the mean criterion were 9 for ET, 8 for H, 12 for RB, and 28 for the total score.