Table 1.
Study sample characteristics
| Variable | Overall | ABI < 0.8 | ABI between 0.8– < 1.1 | ABI between > 1.1–1.4 | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1147 | 62 | 739 | 346 | |
| Age (y) | 74.32 (5.61) | 75.60 (6.74) | 74.58 (5.52) | 73.55 (5.52) | 0.0006 |
| Gender, male (%) | 486 (42.37) | 30 (48.39) | 300 (40.60) | 156 (45.09) | 0.3776 |
| Charlson Index | 0.92 (1.53) | 0.95 (1.55) | 0.92 (1.51) | 0.93 (1.58) | 0.9503 |
| Educative level (%) | |||||
| - None | 760 (66.26) | 42 (67.74) | 489 (66.17) | 229 (66.18) | 0.8499 |
| - Primary incomplete | 206 (17.96) | 9 (14.52) | 131 (17.73) | 66 (19.08) | 0.4618 |
| - Primary complete | 79 (6.89) | 5 (8.06) | 54 (7.31) | 20 (5.78) | 0.3483 |
| - Secondary or higher | 102 (8.89) | 6 (9.68) | 65 (8.80) | 31 (8.96) | 0.8755 |
| Risk factors | |||||
| - BMI* | 29.26 (4.44) | 29.78 (4.71) | 29.18 (4.50) | 29.35 (4.26) | 0.9327 |
| - DM + | 184 (16.04) | 12 (19.35) | 116 (15.70) | 56 (16.18) | 0.8794 |
| - Hypertension + | 560 (48.82) | 30 (48.39) | 369 (49.93) | 161 (46.53) | 0.3711 |
| - Tobacco use + | |||||
| · Never | 810 (70.62) | 43 (69.35) | 525 (71.04) | 242 (69.94) | 0.7224 |
| · Active | 92 (8.02) | 6 (9.68) | 62 (8.39) | 24 (6.94) | 0.2610 |
| · Former | 245 (21.36) | 13 (20.97) | 152 (20.57) | 80 (23.12) | 0.2544 |
| - Dyslipidemia + | 411 (35.86) | 20 (32.26) | 277 (37.53) | 114 (32.95) | 0.2931 |
| Cognitive performance* | |||||
| - MMSE (total score) | 25.21 (3.30) | 25.31 (3.38) | 25.13 (3.29) | 25.39 (3.30) | 0.3202 |
| - Cumulative Executive Dysfunction Index | 5.91 (2.66) | 6.32 (3.03) | 5.91 (2.64) | 5.82 (2.63) | 0.2558 |
| - 7-MT (total score) | 1.01 (2.02) | 0.61 (2.42) | 0.99 (2.02) | 1.13 (1.93) | 0.1962 |
| 7-MT (Clock Drawing Test) | 0.14 (0.91) | 0.01 (1.10) | 0.13 (0.91) | 0.20 (0.88) | 0.1888 |
| 7-MT (free and facilitated memory) | 0.28 (0.94) | 0.08 (1.06) | 0.30 (0.89) | 0.27 (1.01) | 0.8262 |
| 7-MT (verbal fluency) | 0.09 (1.08) | − 0.15 (1.10) | 0.10 (1.05) | 0.11 (1.15) | 0.3414 |
| 7-MT (Benton’s Temporal Orientation Test) | 0.27 (0.38) | 0.32 (0.03) | 0.26 (0.44) | 0.29 (0.25) | 0.6019 |
| - Denomination | 15.80 (0.57) | 15.69 (0.63) | 15.82 (0.56) | 15.78 (0.58) | 0.9584 |
| - Immediate memory | 15.79 (0.79) | 15.73 (0.62) | 15.77 (0.90) | 15.86 (0.51) | 0.1357 |
| - Total short-term memory | 15.03 (1.67) | 14.67 (1.89) | 15.06 (1.59) | 15.02 (1.80) | 0.8256 |
| - Free short-term memory | 6.80 (2.56) | 6.73 (3.06) | 6.84 (2.54) | 6.75 (2.50) | 0.6728 |
| - Facilitated short-term memory | 8.25 (2.35) | 8.11 (2.49) | 8.26 (2.35) | 8.27 (2.34) | 0.8946 |
| - Total long-term memory | 15.06 (1.62) | 14.58 (1.97) | 15.06 (1.64) | 15.16 (1.50) | 0.1356 |
| - Free long-term memory | 7.52 (3.03) | 6.71 (3.30) | 7.50 (3.07) | 7.73 (2.84) | 0.0344 |
| - Facilitated long-term memory | 7.54 (2.78) | 7.87 (3.12) | 7.57 (2.77) | 7.42 (2.74) | 0.1515 |
| - Hole Peg Test (dominant hand) | 24.97 (7.13) | 25.90 (7.38) | 24.83 (7.15) | 25.10 (7.07) | 0.9627 |
*Mean values and standard deviation (SD); + : N (%). BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; 7-MT, 7-min test