Fig. 1.

Adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality from 2000–2019 associated with changes in baseline rent burden in 2000. Estimates of the hazard ratio are reported based on a penalized cubic spline for continuous rent burden centered on 30% (the dashed lines at rent burden of 30% and a hazard ratio of 1.0 indicates the reference); Fig. S3 includes estimates of the hazard ratio based on a linear term. Census Disclosure Review Board Approval Number: CBDRB-FY23-CES004-016. Sources: 2000 Census linked to 2021 Numident file.