Video 2.

Patient B.II.6: The patient underwent flexible videolaryngoscopy by a 4 mm endoscope introduced through a nasal fossa. While he was spontaneously breathing dramatic constrictive spasms involving the oropharynx and the hypopharynx were observed, which sub‐completely obstructed the airway and sporadically impeded the vision of the larynx. During endoscopic observation he was asked to answer questions, repeat numbers, and phonate a sustained /i/: his vocal cords were moving normally during these tasks and, while he was phonating a significant reduction of the constricting pharyngeal spasms was seen. At the end of phonation, a severe recurrence of pharyngeal constricting spasms can be seen, causing respiratory distress.