Table 4.
Antimicrobial resistance of bovine source Salmonella isolates compared with poultry source isolates, stratification by submission source
| Odds ratio (95% CI)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stratified
|
||||
| Antimicrobiala | Crude | Monitoring | Diagnostic | Adjustedb |
| Ampicillin | 9.00 (4.20, 19.27) | 3.00 (0.67, 13.53) | 8.33 (2.65, 26.20) | 6.01 (2.49, 14.52) |
| Ticarcillin | 8.62 (4.04, 18.40) | 3.00 (0.67, 13.53) | 6.94 (2.27, 21.29) | 5.36 (2.23, 12.87) |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid | 0.62 (0.17, 2.22) | 0 | 0.36 (0.08, 1.57) | — |
| Cephalothin | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Ceftiofur | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Gentamicin | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Kanamycin | 9.41 (3.46, 25.63) | 2.43 (0.26, 22.58) | 0 | — |
| Streptomycin | 3.80 (1.87, 7.72) | 1.34 (0.31, 5.88) | 11.00 (3.09, 39.20) | — |
| Nalidixic acid | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
| Sulfamethoxazole | 8.85 (4.12, 19.00) | 2.42 (0.54, 10.83) | 11.92 (3.59, 39.61) | 6.73 (2.81, 16.14) |
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 3.73 (0.23, 60.95) | 0 | 0 | — |
| Tetracycline | 5.76 (2.74, 12.11) | 1.44 (0.33, 6.35) | 11.92 (3.59, 39.61) | — |
| Chloramphenicol | 12.08 (4.87, 30.00) | 10.20 (2.02, 51.63) | 10.26 (2.09, 50.31) | 10.24 (3.04, 34.55) |
aResistance to ceftriaxone, amikacin, apramycin, and ciprofloxacin are not included because all isolates were susceptible
bMantel-Haenszel odds ratio (OR) adjusted for animal source is given when Breslow-Day test for homogeneity P > 0.05 and when non-zero OR is reported for both strata