Fig. 10. Cytotoxicity of FeND–DOX with and without exposure to 808 nm laser. (a) Cytotoxicity of FeND–DOX with and without exposure to 808 nm laser. (b) Fluorescence images of a live/dead assay of A549 cells 12 h after with and without exposure to laser. The FeND–DOX complex showed pronounced toxicity when exposed to NIR laser in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions compared to free DOX and FeND–DOX (without laser exposure). Statistical relevance was assessed as mentioned in Section 2.5.6. The bar represents mean ± SD. Significant difference between untreated and treated samples is indicated by *p < 0.05, *p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.