REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Bacterial and virus strains
E. coli NCM3722 K-12 strain	Lab stock	N/A
E. coli NCM3722 rpoS-null strain	Terry Hwa lab (UCSD)	N/A
E. coli NCM3722 RelA∗ OE strain	This study	N/A
E. coli rpoS-null RelA∗ OE strain	This study	N/A
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
NH4Cl	Sigma	G5767
glucose	Sigma	213330
alanine	Aladdin (Shanghai)	CAS: 56-41-7
arginine	Aladdin (Shanghai)	CAS: 74-79-3
LB broth	Coolaber (Beijing)	PM0010
ampicillin	Coolaber (Beijing)	CA2031
IPTG (Isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside)	GLPBIO	GC30002
6-azauracil	Aladdin (Shanghai)	A124269
ppGpp (guanosine-3′,5′-bisdiphosphate)	TriLink	N-6001
ciprofloxacin	Sigma	CAS: 85721-33-1
streptomycin	Coolaber (Beijing)	CS10481
MgSO4·7H2O	Aladdin (Shanghai)	CAS: 10034-99-8
K2HPO4	Aladdin (Shanghai)	CAS: 7758-11-4
NaNH4HPO4	Aladdin (Shanghai)	CAS: 7783-13-3
citrate	Aladdin (Shanghai)	CAS: 5959-29-1
KH2PO4	Aladdin (Shanghai)	CAS: 7778-77-0
phosphoric acid	Merck	49685
acetonitrile	Aladdin (Shanghai)	A104440
tetrabutylammonium phosphate	TCI	CAS:5574-97-0
Critical commercial assays
Total RNA extraction kit	TianGen	DP430
First-strand cDNA synthesis reverse transcriptase kit	TianGen	KR118
Plasmid extraction kit	TianGen	DP103
Bacterial genome extraction kit	TianGen	DP302
Hieff® qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix (Low Rox Plus)	Yeasen Biotech	11202ES03
Recombinant DNA
pLAS13	Richard Gourse lab	N/A
Deposited data
The proteomic datasets generated in this study have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://www.proteomexchange.org/) via the PRIDE repository.	This paper	PXD042250