Table 4.
Linear regression outputs
| Cognitive outcome | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-term memory | Executive function | Processing speed | ||||||||
| ROI outcome: total grey matter volume | ||||||||||
| F | p | adj.p | F | p | adj.p | F | p | adj.p | ||
| Model | Age | 0.10 | 0.747 | 0.747 | 17.95 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 5.29 | 0.022 | 0.066 |
| Sex | 2.96 | 0.086 | 0.172 | 15.33 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.23 | 0.631 | 0.814 | |
| Education | 1.35 | 0.248 | 0.372 | 4.92 | 0.027 | 0.033 | 0.00 | 0.944 | 0.944 | |
| Time-use composition | 2.88 | 0.036 | 0.107 | 0.17 | 0.917 | 0.917 | 4.09 | 0.007 | 0.043 | |
| ROI volume | 0.79 | 0.374 | 0.449 | 8.66 | 0.003 | 0.007 | 0.92 | 0.337 | 0.675 | |
| Time-use composition * ROI volume | 3.79 | 0.011 | 0.064 | 3.37 | 0.018 | 0.028 | 0.51 | 0.678 | 0.813 | |
| ROI outcome: temporal lobe volume | ||||||||||
| F | p | adj.p | F | p | adj.p | F | p | adj.p | ||
| Model | Age | 0.21 | 0.647 | 0.693 | 25.19 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 5.40 | 0.021 | 0.062 |
| Sex | 2.99 | 0.085 | 0.255 | 13.90 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.24 | 0.623 | 0.935 | |
| Education | 1.43 | 0.233 | 0.467 | 4.73 | 0.030 | 0.061 | 0.00 | 0.944 | 0.944 | |
| Time-use composition | 2.77 | 0.041 | 0.248 | 0.20 | 0.898 | 0.898 | 4.03 | 0.007 | 0.046 | |
| ROI volume | 0.39 | 0.535 | 0.693 | 2.47 | 0.117 | 0.176 | 0.27 | 0.600 | 0.935 | |
| Time-use composition * ROI volume | 0.48 | 0.693 | 0.693 | 0.84 | 0.472 | 0.566 | 0.24 | 0.869 | 0.944 | |
| ROI outcome: frontal lobe volume | ||||||||||
| F | p | adj.p | F | p | adj.p | F | p | adj.p | ||
| Model | Age | 0.01 | 0.933 | 0.933 | 22.69 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 6.09 | 0.014 | 0.042 |
| Sex | 3.33 | 0.069 | 0.138 | 17.71 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.34 | 0.557 | 0.836 | |
| Education | 1.85 | 0.174 | 0.209 | 4.07 | 0.044 | 0.053 | 0.01 | 0.922 | 0.922 | |
| Time-use composition | 2.70 | 0.045 | 0.136 | 0.29 | 0.832 | 0.832 | 3.90 | 0.009 | 0.042 | |
| ROI volume | 1.99 | 0.159 | 0.209 | 7.64 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 1.72 | 0.190 | 0.380 | |
| Time-use composition * ROI volume | 4.74 | 0.003 | 0.018 | 3.70 | 0.012 | 0.018 | 0.23 | 0.878 | 0.921 | |
| ROI outcome: hippocampus volume | ||||||||||
| F | p | adj.p | F | p | adj.p | F | p | adj.p | ||
| Model | Age | 0.03 | 0.871 | 0.871 | 23.91 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 4.89 | 0.027 | 0.083 |
| Sex | 4.21 | 0.041 | 0.094 | 11.35 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.14 | 0.704 | 0.864 | |
| Education | 1.44 | 0.231 | 0.277 | 4.61 | 0.032 | 0.065 | 0.03 | 0.864 | 0.864 | |
| Time-use composition | 2.67 | 0.047 | 0.094 | 0.21 | 0.886 | 0.886 | 3.96 | 0.008 | 0.051 | |
| ROI volume | 4.90 | 0.028 | 0.094 | 1.17 | 0.279 | 0.336 | 0.12 | 0.729 | 0.864 | |
| Time-use composition * ROI volume | 2.32 | 0.076 | 0.113 | 1.97 | 0.117 | 0.177 | 0.37 | 0.776 | 0.864 | |
Note: Linear regression outputs investigating main effects of time-use composition, ROI volume and covariates, and interaction effects on cognitive outcomes. adj.p = p-value adjusted for false discovery rate. Bold denotes p-values that remained significant after false discovery rate adjustment (p < 0.05). Sample sizes for each cognitive outcome varied due to missing data: long-term memory, n = 360; executive function, n = 363; processing speed, n = 368