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. 2024 Jan 31;22:120. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-04906-4

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

a Schematic description of the experimental healing abutment surface treatments (laser-treated in red and machined in green). b HA technical design and dimensions. c Atomic force microscope images of the two surface treatments (up-machined and down laser-treated). d Scanning electron microscope images of the machined (up) and laser-treated (down) surfaces used in the experimental HA