Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Variables | Urban N = 560 (N and %) | Rural N = 725 (N and %) | Overall N = 1285 (N and %) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age > 45 years | 408 (72.9) | 429 (59.2) | 837 (65.1) | <0.001* |
| Male sex | 292 (52.1) | 227 (31.3) | 519 (40.4) | <0.001* |
| Poor oral hygiene* | 126 (22.7) | 318 (45.4) | 444 (35.3) | <0.001* |
| Low socioeconomic status | 20 (3.6) | 285 (39.3) | 305 (23.7) | <0.001* |
| Tobacco use | 119 (21.3) | 171 (23.6) | 290 (22.6) | 0.321 |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 202 (36.1) | 298 (41.1) | 500 (38.9) | 0.067 |
| Low education level | 86 (15.4) | 442 (61) | 528 (41.1) | <0.001* |
| Hypertension | 258 (46.1) | 234 (32.3) | 492 (38.3) | <0.001* |
| Diabetes* | 192 (34.8) | 181 (25.2) | 373 (29.4) | <0.001* |
| Dyslipidemia* | 182 (33.3) | 157 (21.9) | 339 (26.8) | <0.001* |
| Obesity (BMI ≥25) | 294 (52.5) | 309 (42.6) | 603 (46.9) | <0.001* |
*Missing data for poor oral hygiene (urban—4, rural—24), diabetes (urban—9, rural—8), and dyslipidemia (urban—13, rural—7) were addressed using the available data for each variable for calculating percentages. A chi-square test has been performed to compare any significant difference in the prevalence of risk factors between urban and rural areas