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. 2023 Nov 4;17(2):315–318. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.11.001

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Human sensitivity to CMC consumption influences alterations of microbiota composition and function in recipient interleukin (IL)10-/-mice. (A–C) Functional Research of Emulsifiers in Humans participants were categorized as CMC-insensitive (N = 5) or CMC-sensitive (N = 2). Microbiota localization in (A) controls and (B) CMC-treated participants between day 14 (post-CMC) and day 0 (pre-CMC). (C) Evolution of the microbiota composition (Bray–Curtis distance). (D–I) Germfree IL10-/- mice were transplanted with fecal suspension from CMC-insensitive or CMC-sensitive participants, then treated with either water or CMC for 16 weeks. (D and E) Principal coordinate analysis of the Bray–Curtis distance matrix from participants and recipient mice. (F) Bray–Curtis distance, (G) Shannon index, (H) fecal levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and (I) flagellin over time in transplanted mice. Data were normalized compared with the water-treated group and week 0, both defined as 1. Data are means ± SEM. N = 3–4. ∗∗P < .01, ∗∗∗P < .001. (A–C) Data from Chassaing et al.6 FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation.