| sCD40L (CD154)
6
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
66
,
90
,
93
|
α‐ Granule |
Activates leukocytes for adhesion, superoxide production, infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokines release. Promotes B lymphocytes antibody production. Induces endothelial cells expression surface adhesion molecules. Related to Arteriosclerosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Graft rejection, etc.
|
Increased levels during storage and lower concentrations in Bicarbonated Ringer's solution supplemented with acid‐citrate‐dextrose Formula A (BRS‐A). Accumulated during storage in PAS‐III than plasma and other types PAS. Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI). Nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (NHTRs). Allergic transfusion reaction.
|
| RANTES (CCL5)
6
,
67
,
68
,
69
,
86
,
90
,
93
|
α‐ Granule |
Chemotactic for T cells, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. Involved in acute and chronic inflammation. Cancer progression.
|
Elevated during storage and decreased release after adenosine diphosphate (ATP)‐induced aggregation. Levels increased during storage in PAS‐III than plasma and other types PAS. Higher in NHTRs and allergic transfusion reactions but they were not simply related.
|
| Phosphatidylserine (PS)
16
,
35
,
36
,
37
,
106
|
Platelet plasma membrane |
A marker of platelet activation and coagulation by binding with coagulation factors, bridge with TAM receptors through the GAS6, bind to thrombomodulin to catalyze the production of activated protein C (APC). Mediating platelet clearance.
|
Increased PS positive events. Higher PS‐exposing platelets were more suitable for high‐risk patients to stop bleeding. Exposure was different from activation and might be associated with ROS.
|
| Platelet Microparticles (PMPs)
72
,
76
,
79
,
80
,
81
,
90
,
93
|
|
Intercellular communication. Acquire different proteins from plasma. Involved in immune and inflammatory responses such as downregulating macrophages and modifying the development of dendritic cells, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) respiratory burst, stimulating B cells to produce antibodies.
|
Increased concentrations during storage both in plasma and BRS‐A, but lower in latter. Concentrations increased in PAS on day 5. No influence on concentrations after leukoreduction. Various biological modifiers:
PS, TF for coagulation and PS may also mediated the uptake of PMPs by macrophages; sCD40L concentration was significantly related with PMN respiratory burst and potentially associated with TRALI.
|
| microRNA
50
,
51
,
52
,
53
,
54
,
55
,
56
,
57
,
58
|
|
|
miR127 and miR320a increased during 7 days storage and can be biomarkers for platelet function. miR‐326 and miR‐145 was positively correlated with platelet function. miR‐570 interacted with mitochondrial ATPase subunit. miR‐326, miRNA‐103 and miRNA let‐7b were related with platelet apoptosis. miR‐181a and miR‐320c reduced platelets activation.
|
