Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics
| LBAT (n = 11) | HBAT (n = 14) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48.0 ± 7.7 | 36.0 ± 9.1a |
| Race (White/Black) | 10/1 | 11/3 |
| Menopausal status (pre/post) | 8/3 | 12/2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 2.3 | 31.1 ± 2.1 |
| Body weight (kg) | 79.7 ± 8.0 | 86.7 ± 9.9 |
| Height (cm) | 165 ± 8.11 | 167 ± 6.4 |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 46.1 ± 5.6 | 47.8 ± 4.3 |
| Body fat (%) | 42 ± 5 | 45 ± 3 |
| Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue mass (g) | 1,933 ± 505 | 2,323 ± 444 |
| Visceral adipose tissue mass (g) | 848 ± 444 | 939 ± 464 |
| Subcutaneous:visceral abdominal adipose tissue mass ratio | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 2.3 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 88.5 ± 8.4 | 89.8 ± 5.5 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (mU/L) | 9.7 ± 5.3 | 10.1 ± 5.0 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.3 ± 1.2 |
| 2 h OGTT glucose (mg/dL)b | 124 (117, 152) | 122 (111, 130) |
| Total free fatty acid (μmol/mL) | 0.66 ± 0.19 | 0.47 ± 0.10c |
| Palmitate (μmol/mL) | 0.15 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.03c |
| Total TG (mg/dL) | 97.3 (85.2, 127.4) | 70.9 (51.7, 119.1)c |
| VLDL-TG (mg/dL) | 53.3 (35.1, 61.6) | 29.8 (21.0, 54.8) |
| VLDL-apoB (mg/dL) | 5.6 ± 2.2 | 3.6 ± 2.1c |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 56.1 ± 14.8 | 54.9 ± 11.4 |
| BATLBM volume (mL) | 2.6 (1.6, 3.6) | 72.9 (47.3, 132.0)d |
| Total BATLBM activity (mL × SUVmean) | 5.5 (4.7, 9.4) | 256.0 (150.5, 562.0)d |
| Total BAT SUVLBMmean (g/mL) | 2.4 (2.3, 2.7) | 3.5 (3.3, 3.8)d |
| Total BAT SUVLBM max (g/mL) | 4.0 (3.0, 4.8) | 12.7 (8.8, 17.6)d |
| Total BATLBM radiodensity (HU) | −70.7 ± 14.5 | −75.2 ± 8.2 |
Data are means ± SD for normally distributed data or median (quartiles) for skewed data. p values were determined by using the Student’s t test (normally distributed data) or the Mann-Whitney U test (skewed data). ApoB, apolipoprotein B; BAT, brown adipose tissue; HBAT, high-BAT group, BAT volume ≥20 mL; LBAT, low-BAT group, BAT volume <20 mL; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HUs, Hounsfield units; LBM, lean body mass; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; SUV, standardized uptake value; SUVLBM, SUV normalized to LBM; TGs, triglycerides; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein. Related to Figures S1 and S4.
p < 0.01.
Data missing for one participant in the LBAT group.
p < 0.05.
p < 0.001.