Table 2. AuROC analysis, optimal cutoff score, predictive values of glucose metrics at admission for predicting IHM, MCE, sICH, 3-month mortality, and 3-month poor functional outcome.
| Variable | AuROC (95%CI) |
Optimal cut-off | Sensitivity (95%CI) |
Specificity (95%CI) |
PPV (95%CI) |
NPV (95%CI) |
LR+ (95%CI) |
LR- (95%CI) |
Accuracy (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-hospital mortality (n = 65) | |||||||||
| SHR 1 | 0.75 (0.68–0.82) |
≥1.18 | 67.2 (54.3–78.4) |
76.5 (71.1–81.3) |
39.4 (30.2–49.3) |
91.1 (86.7–94.4) |
2.86 (2.18–3.75) |
0.43 (0.30–0.61) |
74.8 (69.9–79.3) |
| SHR 2 | 0.68 (0.60–0.75) |
≥1.26 | 59.4 (46.4–71.5) |
68.7 (62.9–74.1) |
30.2 (22.3–39.0) |
88.1 (83.1–92.1) |
1.90 (1.45–2.48) |
0.59 (0.44–0.80) |
67.0 (61.7–71.9) |
| SHR3 | 0.74 (0.67–0.81) |
≥1.01 | 67.2 (54.3–78.4) |
75.1 (69.6–80.0) |
38.1 (29.1–47.7) |
90.9 (86.5–94.3) |
2.70 (2.07–3.52) |
0.44 (0.31–0.62) |
73.6 (68.6–78.2) |
| SHR4 | 0.68 (0.60–0.75) |
≥1.03 | 68.8 (55.9–79.8) |
58.0 (52.0–63.8) |
27.2 (20.5–34.7) |
89.1 (83.6–93.2) |
1.64 (1.32–2.03) |
0.54 (0.37–0.79) |
60.0 (54.6–65.2) |
| Glycemic gap (mmol/L) | 0.67 (0.60–0.75) |
≥0.17 | 71.9 (59.2–82.4) |
57.7 (51.6–63.5) |
27.9 (21.2–35.4) |
90.0 (84.7–94.0) |
1.70 (1.38–2.08) |
0.49 (0.33–0.73) |
60.3 (54.9–65.5) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.70 (0.63–0.78) |
≥6.91 | 65.6 (52.7–77.1) |
70.8 (65.1–76.1) |
33.9 (25.6–42.9) |
90.0 (85.3–93.7) |
2.25 (1.74–2.9) |
0.49 (0.34–0.69) |
69.9 (64.7–74.7) |
| Admission random plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.64 (0.57–0.72) |
≥6.47 | 75.0 (62.6–85.0) |
50.5 (44.5–56.5) |
25.7 (19.6–32.6) |
89.9 (84.1–94.1) |
1.52 (1.26–1.82) |
0.50 (0.32–0.77) |
55.1 (49.7–60.4) |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.51 (0.43–0.58) |
≥5.55 | 70.3 (57.6–81.1) |
36.3 (30.7–42.2) |
20.1 (15.0–25.9) |
84.3 (76.6–90.3) |
1.10 (0.92–1.32) |
0.82 (0.54–1.23) |
42.6 (37.3–48.0) |
| Malignant cerebral edema (n = 52) | |||||||||
| SHR 1 | 0.77 (0.70–0.84) |
≥1.18 | 67.2 (54.3–78.4) |
76.5 (71.1–81.3) |
39.4 (30.2–49.3) |
91.1 (86.7–94.4) |
2.86 (2.18–3.75) |
0.43 (0.30–0.61) |
73.6 (68.6–78.2) |
| SHR 2 | 0.67 (0.59–0.75) |
≥1.26 | 59.4 (46.4–71.5) |
68.7 (62.9–74.1) |
30.2 (22.3–39.0) |
88.1 (83.1–92.1) |
1.90 (1.45–2.48) |
0.59 (0.44–0.80) |
67.0 (61.7–71.9) |
| SHR3 | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) |
≥1.10 | 51.6 (38.7–64.2) |
83.3 (78.4–87.4) |
41.3 (30.4–52.8) |
88.3 (83.8–91.9) |
3.08 (2.17–4.39) |
0.58 (0.45–0.75) |
79.7 (75.1–83.8) |
| SHR4 | 0.66 (0.58–0.74) |
≥1.15 | 53.1 (40.2–65.7) |
73.0 (67.4–78.1) |
30.9 (22.4–40.4) |
87.2 (82.3–91.2) |
1.96 (1.46–2.65) |
0.64 (0.49–0.84) |
69.9 (64.7–74.7) |
| Glycemic gap (mmol/L) | 0.66 (0.58–0.74) |
≥0.84 | 54.7 (41.7–67.2) |
70.8 (65.1–76.1) |
29.9 (21.8–39.1) |
87.3 (82.2–91.3) |
1.87 (1.41–2.50) |
0.64 (0.48–0.85) |
68.4 (63.2–73.3) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.74 (0.67–0.81) |
≥6.52 | 71.9 (59.2–82.4) |
64.1 (58.1–69.7) |
31.3 (23.9–39.5) |
90.9 (86.0–94.5) |
2.00 (1.61–2.49) |
0.44 (0.29–0.66) |
65.5 (60.2–70.5) |
| Admission random plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.65 (0.57–0.73) |
≥6.47 | 75.0 (62.6–85.0) |
50.5 (44.5–56.5) |
25.7 (19.6–32.6) |
89.9 (84.1–94.1) |
1.52 (1.26–1.82) |
0.50 (0.32–0.77) |
54.5 (49.1–59.8) |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.49 (0.41–0.58) |
≥4.65 | 95.3 (86.9–99.0) |
4.98 (2.75–8.22) |
18.6 (14.5–23.2) |
82.4 (56.6–96.2) |
1.00 (0.94–1.07) |
0.94 (0.28–3.18) |
19.4 (15.4–24.0) |
| Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 42) | |||||||||
| SHR1 | 0.77 (0.69–0.85) |
≥1.12 | 78.6 (63.2–89.7) |
69.0 63.4–74.1) |
26.0 (18.6–34.5) |
95.9 (92.3–98.1) |
2.53 (2.01–3.19) |
0.31 (0.17–0.56) |
70.1 (65.0–74.9) |
| SHR 2 | 0.69 (0.60–0.77) |
≥1.20 | 73.8 (58.0–86.1) |
60.4 (54.6–65.9) |
20.5 (14.4–27.9) |
94.3 (90.1–97.1) |
1.86 (1.48–2.34) |
0.43 (0.26–0.73) |
62.0 (56.7–67.2) |
| SHR3 | 0.75 (0.67–0.84) |
≥1.10 | 61.9 (45.6–76.4) |
82.2 (77.4–86.3) |
32.5 (22.4–43.9) |
94.0 (90.4–96.5) |
3.47 (2.48–4.87) |
0.46 (0.31–0.68) |
79.7 (75.1–83.8) |
| SHR4 | 0.69 (0.60–0.77) |
≥1.03 | 71.4 (55.4–84.3) |
56.4 (50.6–62.1) |
18.5 (12.9–25.4) |
93.4 (88.8–96.6) |
1.64 (1.30–2.06) |
0.51 (0.31–0.83) |
58.3 (52.9–63.5) |
| Glycemic gap (mmol/L) | 0.68 (0.60–0.77) |
≥0.45 | 66.7 (50.5–80.4) |
63.4 (57.7–68.8) |
20.1 (13.8–27.8) |
93.2 (88.9–96.2) |
1.82 (1.40–2.36) |
0.53 (0.34–0.81) |
63.8 (58.4–68.8) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.74 (0.66–0.82) |
≥6.63 | 81.0 (65.9–91.4) |
63.7 (58.0–69.1) |
23.6 (16.9–31.4) |
96.0 (92.3–98.3) |
2.23 (1.81–2.75) |
0.3 (0.16–0.56) |
65.8 (60.5–70.8) |
| Admission random plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.66 (0.58–0.74) |
≥6.47 | 81.0 (65.9–91.4) |
49.5 (43.7–55.3) |
18.2 (12.9–24.5) |
94.9 (90.3–97.8) |
1.60 (1.33–1.93) |
0.39 (0.20–0.73) |
53.3 (47.9–58.7) |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.49 (0.40–0.58) |
≥6.45 | 28.6 (15.7–44.6) |
75.6 (70.3–80.3) |
14.0 (7.4–23.1) |
88.4 (83.9–92.0) |
1.17 (0.70–1.96) |
0.95 (0.77–1.16) |
69.9 (64.7–74.7) |
| 3-month mortality (n = 83) | |||||||||
| SHR1 | 0.76 (0.70–0.82) |
≥1.18 | 66.3 (55.1–76.3) |
79.4 (74.0–84.1) |
50.5 (40.7–60.2) |
88.1 (83.3–92.0) |
3.22 (2.42–4.27) |
0.43 (0.31–0.58) |
76.2 (71.4–80.6) |
| SHR 2 | 0.69 (0.63–0.75) |
≥1.26 | 59.0 (47.7–69.7) |
70.6 (64.7–76.1) |
38.9 (30.3–48) |
84.5 (79.0–89.0) |
2.01 (1.55–2.60) |
0.58 (0.44–0.76) |
67.8 (62.6–72.7) |
| SHR3 | 0.76 (0.70–0.81) |
≥1.03 | 63.9 (52.6–74.1) |
79.0 (73.6–83.8) |
49.1 (39.3–58.9) |
87.3 (82.4–91.3) |
3.04 (2.29–4.05) |
0.46 (0.34–0.61) |
75.4 (70.5–79.8) |
| SHR4 | 0.70 (0.63–0.76) |
≥1.03 | 71.1 (60.1–80.5) |
60.7 (54.5–66.6) |
36.4 (29.0–44.3) |
86.9 (81.1–91. 4) |
1.81 (1.48–2.22) |
0.48 (0.34–0.68) |
63.2 (57.9–68.3) |
| Glycemic gap (mmol/L) | 0.69 (0.63–0.76) |
≥0.17 | 73.5 (62.7–82.6) |
60.3 (54.1–66.3) |
37 (29.6–44.8) |
87.8 (82.1–92.2) |
1.85 (1.52–2.26) |
0.44 (0.30–0.64) |
63.5 (58.2–68.6) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.71 (0.64–0.78) |
≥6.52 | 71.1 (60.1–80.5) |
66.4 (60.3–72.1) |
40.1 (32.1–48.5) |
87.9 (82.5–92.1) |
2.12 (1.70–2.63) |
0.44 (0.31–0.62) |
67.5 (62.3–72.5) |
| Admission random plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.65 (0.58–0.71) |
≥6.46 | 73.5 (62.7–82.6) |
51.9 (45.7–58.1) |
32.6 (26.0–39.8) |
86.1 (79.7–91.1) |
1.53 (1.28–1.83) |
0.51 (0.35–0.74) |
57.1 (51.7–62.4) |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.48 (0.41–0.55) |
≥4.95 | 92.8 (84.9–97.3) |
11.5 (7.9–15.9) |
24.9 (20.2–30.1) |
83.3 (67.2–93.6) |
1.05 (0.97–1.13) |
0.63 (0.27–1.46) |
31 (26.2–36.2) |
| 3-month poor functional outcome (n = 138) | |||||||||
| SHR1 | 0.73 (0.67–0.79) |
≥1.18 | 54.3 (45.7–62.8) |
83.2 (77.2–88.1) | 69.4 (59.8–77.9) |
72.1 (65.8–77.9) |
3.23 (2.28–4.57) |
0.55 (0.45–0 .67) |
69.0 (63.8–73.8) |
| SHR 2 | 0.65 (0.59–0.71) |
≥1.15 | 68.8 (60.4–76.4) |
57.7 (50.4–64.7) |
53.4 (45.8–60.9) |
72.4 (64.7–79.3) |
1.63 (1.33–1.98) |
0.54 (0.41–0.71) |
60.0 (54.6–65.2) |
| SHR3 | 0.71 (0.66–0.77) |
≥1.01 | 53.6 (44.9–62.1) |
80.6 (74.4–85.9) |
66.1 (56.5–74.7) |
71.2 (64.7–77.0) |
2.77 (2.00–3.83) |
0.58 (0 .48–0.70) |
67.2 (62–72.2) |
| SHR4 | 0.64 (0.58–0.70) |
≥1.03 | 60.1 (51.5–68.4) |
60.7 (53.5–67.6) |
51.9 (43.8–59.8) |
68.4 (60.9–75.2) |
1.53 (1.23–1.91) |
0.66 (0.52–0.83) |
58.6 (53.2–63.8) |
| Glycemic gap (mmol/L) | 0.64 (0.58–0.70) |
≥0.17 | 61.6 (52.9–69.7) |
60.2 (53.0–67.1) |
52.1 (44.2–60.0) |
69.0 (61.5–75.8) |
1.55 (1.25–1.92) |
0.64 (0.50–0.81) |
58.8 (53.4–64.1) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.69 (0.64–0.75) |
≥6.50 | 62.3 (53.7–70.4) |
70.4 (63.5–76.7) |
59.7 (51.2–67.8) |
72.6 (65.7–78.8) |
2.11 (1.64–2.71) |
0.54 (0.42–0.68) |
64.9 (59.6–70) |
| Admission random plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 0.62 (0.56–0.68) |
≥6.46 | 67.4 (58.9–75.1) |
54.6 (47.3–61.7) |
51.1 (43.6–58.6) |
70.4 (62.5–77.5) |
1.48 (1.22–1.80) |
0.60 (0.46–0.78) |
58.0 (52.6–63.2) |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.50 (0.44–0.56) |
≥5.65 | 20.3 (13.9–28.0) |
79.1 (72.7–84.6) |
40.6 (28.9–53.1) |
58.5 (52.3–64.5) |
0.97 (0.63–1.49) |
1.01 (0.90–1.13) |
47.8 (42.4–53.2) |
Abbreviations: AuROC, area under receiver-operating-characteristic curve; CI: confidence interval; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; Glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c; GG, glycemic gap IHM, in-hospital mortality; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR-, negative likelihood ratio; MCE, malignant cerebral edema; NPV: negative predictive value; PPV: positive predictive value; RPG, random plasma glucose; sICH, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio; SHR1, [FPG (mmol/L)]/[HbA1c (%)]; SHR2, [admission RPG (mmol/L)]/[HbA1c (%)]; SHR3, FPG (mmol/L)/[(1.59 × HbA1c)−2.59]; SHR4, [admission RPG (mmol/L)]/[(1.59 × HbA1c)−2.59]; GG, admission RPG − [(1.59 × HbA1c)−2.59].