Table 2.

Entities involved in each dimension of SLR of each group of workers. .

Entities involved in each dimension of SLR	Firm A	Firm B	Firm C
Work organisation	Legal employer - Hiring, supervision, training, discipline - Choice of products and work processes - Choice of technology and equipment - Control over work organisation	Legal employer Hiring, supervision, training, discipline	Legal employer - Hiring, supervision, training, discipline - Finding accommodation
		Lead Firm A - Choice of products and work processes - Choice of technology and equipment - Control over work organisation - Quality control through audits	Lead Firm A - Catching techniques - Training - Load quality control + audits
	End clients - Standards applying to prices, quantities, time frames, etc. - Quality control through audits	End clients - Standards applying to prices, quantities, time frames, etc., passed on by Firm A - Quality control through audits
Workload, hardship, schedules	Legal employer - Work schedules - Bonuses and days off - Occupational health and safety (OHS) conditions	Legal employer - Work schedules (to some extent) - Bonuses and days off (within the limits of the contract negotiated with Firm A) - OHS conditions (within the limits of the work organisation and equipment chosen by Firm A)	Legal employer - Days off (minimum legal) - OHS conditions (in part)
		Lead Firm A - Variation in the number of working hours - Work schedules (to some extent) - OHS conditions (through choice of technology and equipment installation)	Lead Firm A - Work schedules and routes
			Poultry producers Hygiene and safety conditions in henhouses
	End clients Standards applying to quantities and delivery times	End clients Standards applying to quantities and delivery times, passed on by Firm A
Compensation	Legal employer Determines wages (through negotiation with Firm A’s labour union)	Legal employer Determines wages (through negotiation with Firm B’s labour union), within limits of contract signed with Firm A	Legal employer Determines wages (without negotiations) within limits of contract signed with Firm A
		Lead Firm A Establishes the rate and method of payment (C$ per kg); defines the limits of compensation that the legal employer can provide
	End clients: Create competition between processing firms to get the lowest possible price
Economic risk	Legal employer Guaranteed minimum compensation	Legal employer No guaranteed hours or minimum compensation	Legal employer May terminate employment relationship, which means repatriation to country of origin
			Lead Firm A Can require TFW to stop working on its loads
		Lead Firm A Protects its own standard worker and passes on to subcontractors risk that orders from customers (and working hours) will fluctuate
	End clients: Fluctuating orders
			Federal government Establishes characteristics of TFW programme; closed permit that empowers employer
Social risk	Legal employer Private group insurance plan	Legal employer Less generous private insurance plan	Legal employer Minimal private insurance plan
		A Volume contract with Firm A defines limits of protection that legal employer can provide
	Government Coverage through public programmes	Government Coverage through public programmes, but lower level of coverage because working hours fluctuate and hourly wage is low	Government Public programmes do not apply in practice

Note: OHS, occupational health and safety; SLR, social labour relations; TFW, temporary foreign worker.