Fig. 1.

Effects of climate change and earthworms on the total above- and belowground biomass of grass communities and winter wheat (mean + SD, N = 5). Aboveground biomass of grass communities is the sum of three harvests, while the others are biomass in July. Different lowercase letters denote significant (P < 0.05) differences among earthworm treatments (Control: no earthworm, + Lte: only with Lumbricus terrestris, + Acl: only with Allolobophora chlorotica, + LA: mixed Lumbricus terrestris and Allolobophora chlorotica) based on post-hoc Tukey’s HSD tests. * and (*) denote significant (P < 0.05) and marginal (P < 0.10) differences between climate scenarios based on post-hoc Tukey’s HSD tests, respectively