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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Robot Autom Lett. 2024 Jan 16;9(3):2104–2111. doi: 10.1109/lra.2024.3354558

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

An example of the kidnapping test (1 nominal simulation + 3 kidnapped simulations) for the original EKF using the same trail as in Fig. 2. The kidnapping occurs during the second stride. The lines with different colors denote the kidnapped simulations, showing that most trajectories are unable to recover back to the nominal case.