Table 3.
Associations of day-to-night ratio of urinary sodium and potassium excretion rate with nocturnal SBP among patients with CKD
| Dependent Variable | Model | Day-to-Night Ratio of Urinary Sodium Excretion |
Day-to-Night Ratio of Urinary potassium Excretion |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 ≤ 1.00 | Q2 1.01–1.52 |
Q3 1.53–2.52 |
Q4 > 2.52 | P Value | Q1 ≤ 1.44 | Q2 1.44–1.9 |
Q3 1.95–2.62 |
Q4 > 2.62 | P Value | ||
| Nocturnal BP (mmHg)/ Nocturnal PR (bpm) | |||||||||||
| SBP | 1 | Ref | −6.37 (−8.82 to −3.93) | −10.34 (−12.79 to −7.90) | −13.75 (−16.19 to −11.30) | < 0.001 | Ref | −4.01 (−6.48 to −1.54) | −6.36 (−8.83 to −3.90) | −10.61 (−13.08 to −8.15) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | Ref | −5.50 (−7.92 to −3.07) | −8.47 (−10.922 to −13.26) | −10.76 (−13.26 to −8.26) | < 0.001 | Ref | −4.02 (−6.45 to −1.59) | −5.25 (−7.69 to −2.82) | −8.53 (−10.99 to −6.07) | < 0.001 | |
| 3 | Ref | −4.34 (−6.77 to −1.90) | −5.41 (−7.90 to −9.52) | −6.93 (−9.52 to −4.34) | < 0.001 | Ref | −3.65 (−6.08 to −1.22) | −3.87 (−6.32 to −1.41) | −5.47 (−7.99 to −2.96) | < 0.001 | |
| 4 | Ref | −4.46 (−6.89 to −2.02) | −5.55 (−8.04 to −3.05) | −6.89 (−9.47 to −4.30) | < 0.001 | Ref | −3.73 (−6.16 to −1.30) | −4.03 (−6.26 to −1.57) | −5.52 (−8.05 to −2.99) | < 0.001 | |
| 5 | Ref | −4.41 (−6.85 to −1.98) | −5.53 (−8.02 to −3.03) | −6.89 (−9.48 to −4.31) | < 0.001 | Ref | −3.75 (6.18 to −1.31) | −4.02 (−6.48 to −1.57) | −5.60 (−8.13 to −3.07) | < 0.001 | |
| DBP | 1 | Ref | −2.58 (−3.77 to −1.38) | −5.56 (−6.76 to −4.37) | −8.35 (−9.54 to −7.15) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.59 (−2.80 to −0.38) | −2.98 (−4.19 to −1.77) | −6.46 (−7.67 to −5.25) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | Ref | −2.26 (−3.45 to −1.08) | −4.91 (−6.11 to −3.72) | −7.32 (−8.54 to −6.09) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.50 (−2.69 to −0.30) | −2.46 (−3.66 to −1.26) | −5.51 (−6.72 to −4.31) | < 0.001 | |
| 3 | Ref | −1.46 (−2.58 to −0.33) | −2.65 (−3.80 to −1.50) | −4.26 (-5.56 to −3.07) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.25 (−2.37 to −0.13) | −1.32 (−2.45 to −0.18) | −2.92 (−4.08 to −1.76) | < 0.001 | |
| 4 | Ref | −1.56 (−2.68 to −0.44) | −2.77 (−3.92 to −1.63) | −4.24 (−5.43 to −3.05) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.33 (−2.45 to −0.21) | −1.47 (−2.60 to −0.34) | 3.00 (−4.16 to −1.83) | < 0.001 | |
| 5 | −1.52 (−2.63 to −0.40) | −2.75 (−3.89 to −1.61) | −4.25 (−5.23 to −3.06) | < 0.001 | −1.35 (−2.46 to −0.23) | -1.47 (-2.59- -0.34) | −3.07 (−4.23 to −1.91) | < 0.001 | |||
| PR | 1 | Ref | −1.37 (−2.37 to −0.36) | −2.83 (−3.83 to −1.83) | −2.75 (−3.75 to −1.75) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.31 (−2.31 to −0.32) | −2.62 (−3.62 to −1.63) | −4.15 (−5.15 to −3.16) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | Ref | −1.33 (−2.34 to −0.32) | −2.75 (−3.76 to −1.73) | −2.62 (−3.66 to −1.59) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.33 (−2.33 to −0.33) | −2.60 (−3.60 to −1.60) | −4.10 (−5.11 to −3.09) | < 0.001 | |
| 3 | Ref | −0.98 (−1.97 to 0.00) | −1.54 (−2.55 to −0.53) | −0.99 (−2.04 to −0.06) | 0.038 | Ref | −1.2 (−2.18 to −0.22) | −2.03 (−3.02 to −1.05) | −2.88 (−3.90 to −1.87) | < 0.001 | |
| 4 | Ref | −0.96 (−1.95 to 0.03) | −1.50 (−2.51 to −0.48) | −0.96 (−2.01 to 0.09) | 0.043 | Ref | −1.12 (−2.10 to −0.14) | −1.94 (−2.94 to −0.95) | −2.74 (−3.77 to −1.72) | < 0.001 | |
| 5 | Ref | −0.95 (−1.94 to 0.04) | −1.49 (−2.50 to −0.48) | −0.96 (−2.01 to 0.09) | 0.043 | Ref | −1.13 (−2.11 to −0.15) | −1.94 (−2.93 to −0.95) | −2.76 (−3.79 to −1.74) | < 0.001 | |
| Nocturnal BP/PR dipping (%) | |||||||||||
| SBP | 1 | Ref | −2.59 (−4.24 to −0.93) | −3.51 (−5.16 to −1.85) | −4.50 (−6.16 to −2.85) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.53 (−3.19 to −0.13) | −2.25 (−3.91 to −0.59) | −2.87 (−4.53 to −1.21) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | Ref | -2.39 (-4.05- -0.74) | −3.08 (−4.75 to −1.41) | −3.81 (−5.52 to −2.10) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.62 (−3.27 to 0.03) | −2.05 (−3.71 to −0.39) | −2.47 (−4.14 to 0.79) | 0.004 | |
| 3 | Ref | -2.30 (-4.04- -0.57) | −2.93 (−4.71 to −0.57) | −3.64 (−5.47 to −1.8) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.72 (−3.45 to 0.01) | −2.11 (−3.86 to −0.37) | −2.40 (−4.19 to −0.61) | 0.008 | |
| 4 | Ref | -2.33 (-4.06- -0.59) | −2.96 (−4.74 to −1.18) | −3.63 (−5.48 to −1.79) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.75 (−3.48 to −0.01) | −2.16 (−3.91 to −0.40) | −2.42 (−4.23 to −0.62) | 0.008 | |
| 5 | Ref | -2.30 (-4.04- -0.56) | −2.94 (−4.72 to −1.17) | −3.64 (−5.48 to −1.80) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.76 (−3.49 to −0.02) | −2.15 (-3.91 to −0.40) | −2.47 (−4.28 to −0.67) | 0.007 | |
| DBP | 1 | Ref | -1.41 (-2.19- -0.63) | −2.61 (3.38 to −1.83) | −3.96 (−4.74 to −3.18) | < 0.001 | Ref | −0.84 (−1.62 to −0.05) | −1.63 (−2.42 to −0.84) | −2.37 (−3.16 to −1.58) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | Ref | −1.15 (−1.92 to −0.39) | −2.05 (−2.82 to −1.27) | −3.06 (−3.85 to −2.27) | < 0.001 | Ref | −.092 (−1.68 to −0.15) | −1.36 (−2.13 to −0.58) | −1.84 (−2.62 to −1.06) | < 0.001 | |
| 3 | Ref | −0.96 (2.56 to −0.95) | −1.75 (2.56 to −0.95) | −2.61 (−3.45 to −1.78) | < 0.001 | Ref | −0.89 (−1.68 to −0.11) | −1.20 (−1.99 to −0.41) | −1.55 (−2.37 to −0.74) | < 0.001 | |
| 4 | Ref | −1.00 (−1.78 to −0.21) | −1.80 (−2.60 to −0.99) | −2.61 (−3.45 to 1.78) | < 0.001 | Ref | −0.94 (−1.73 to −0.15) | −1.28 (−2.07 to −0.48) | −1.62 (−2.44 to −0.80) | < 0.001 | |
| 5 | Ref | −0.96 (−1.74 to −0.17) | −1.78 (−2.58 to −0.98) | −2.62 (−3.45 to −1.79) | < 0.001 | Ref | −0.96 (−1.74 to −0.17) | −1.27 (−2.06 to −0.48) | −1.69 (−2.51 to −0.88) | < 0.001 | |
| PR | 1 | Ref | −1.34 (−2.11 to −0.57) | −2.50 (−3.26 to −1.73) | −3.82 (−4.59 to −3.05) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.16 (−0.193 to −0.39) | −2.51 (−3.28 to −1.74) | −3.44 (−4.21 to −2.67) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | Ref | −0.87 (−1.61 to −0.13) | −1.50 (−2.25 to −0.75) | −2.23 (−2.80 to −1.46) | < 0.001 | Ref | −1.19 (−1.92 to −0.46) | −2.00 (−2.74 to −1.25) | −2.48 (−3.23 to −1.73) | < 0.001 | |
| 3 | Ref | −0.52 (−1.25 to −0.22) | 0.55 (−1.30 to −0.21) | −0.83 (−1.61 to −0.04) | 0.048 | Ref | −1.04 (−1.77 to −0.31) | −1.50 (−2.24 to −0.76) | −1.42 (−2.18 to −0.66) | < 0.001 | |
| 4 | Ref | −0.51 (−1.24 to −0.23) | −0.52 (−1.27 to −0.24) | −0.80 (−1.58 to −0.01) | 0.058 | Ref | −0.96 (−1.69 to −0.23) | −1.41 (−2.16 to −0.67) | −1.26 (−2.02 to −0.49) | < 0.001 | |
| 5 | Ref | −0.51 (−1.25 to 0.23) | −0.52 (−1.28 to 0.24) | −0.80 (−1.58 to −0.01) | 0.059 | Ref | −0.96 (−1.69 to −0.22) | −1.41 (−2.16 to −0.67) | −1.25 (−2.01 to −0.48) | < 0.001 | |
Results are regression coefficient (95% CI). Nocturnal BP dipping is day-night difference in percentage of day value. M1 indicates unadjusted model; M2, model adjusted for age and sex; M3, the model adjusted for age, sex, eGFR, BMI, tobacco smoking, diabetes, fasting blood glucose, dyslipidemia, CVD, antihypertensive treatment, and albuminuria category; M4, model 3 plus 24h Na, 24h K; M5, model 4 plus glucocorticoids.
95% CI, 95% confidence interval. P values for trend were calculated by treating quartiles as a continuous variable in each model. BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PR, pulse rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Missing values for the following variables: PR dipping (n = 4).