Table 1.

Effects of morning and evening exercise on metabolism.

Study	Study Aim	Outcomes
		Morning	Evening
Savikj et al.21	Effect of morning and evening exercise on blood glucose levels	Morning exercise increased glucose concentrations.	Evening exercise reduced glucose concentrations
Moholdt et al.24
Toghi-Eshghi et al.25
Syeda et al.22
Kim et al.28
Mancilla et al.27	Effect of exercise on weight loss and free fat mass	Weight loss is lower and free fat mass is higher	Weight loss is higher and free fat level is lower
Hill et al.20	Effect of timed exercise on endurance and muscle mass	Lower muscle mass and endurance capacity	Higher endurance capacity and muscle capacity
Fan et al.31