Table 1. Demographic characteristics of cases with skin manifestations after immunisation with an adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine, Germany, 2020 (n = 72).

Characteristics of participants	VZV-positive casesa	VZV-negative casesc	Total		p value
	n	n	n	%
Number of cases	27	45	72		NA
Sex
Male	9	18	27	37.5	0.572
Female	18b	27	45b	62.5
Age groups (years)
≤ 49	0	1	1	1.4	NA
50–59	3	5	8	11.1
60–69	10	23	33	45.8
70–79	10b	13	23b	31.9
80–89	4	3	7	9.7
Combined age groups (years)
≤ 69	13	29	42	58.3	0.175
70–89	14b	16	30b	41.7
Geographic aread
North	7	13	20	27.8	0.120
Centre	11	26	37	51.4
South	9b	6	15b	20.8

HSV: herpes-simplex virus; NA: not applicable; VZV: varicella-zoster virus.

^a All VZV-positive samples were genotyped to wild-type VZV strains.

^b One patient sample was PCR positive for VZV and HSV-1.

^c Two VZV-negative samples were PCR positive for HSV-1 and five for HSV-2.

^d Geographic area (first digit of the German postcode): north (1, 2 and 4), centre (0, 3, 5 and 6) and south (7, 8 and 9). A map is shown in Supplement (Supplementary Figure S1).

Percentages not included where n < 50.